2015
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1518488112
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Of goals and habits

Abstract: In the television series The Wire, addicts Bubbles and Johnny regularly engage in bizarre and elaborate schemes to obtain drugs, ranging from robbing an ambulance to stealing drugs by lowering a fishing line from a rooftop. That these fictional crimes can be both so meticulously planned and yet focused on such narrow, shortsighted goals highlights a gap in our understanding of how the real brain deploys deliberative vs. automatic mechanisms to make decisions. On a standard account, people can deliberatively ev… Show more

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Cited by 18 publications
(12 citation statements)
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“…Furthermore, goal-directed and habitual control may be organized hierarchically rather than in parallel. That is, the goal-directed system may benefit from habits in goal-pursuit and thus rely on the habit system 57 , and the habit system may affect what goals are selected and pursued by the goal-directed system 58 . Empirical evidence for the existence of such hierarchies comes from a new generation of sequential decision-making tasks 59 61 .…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Furthermore, goal-directed and habitual control may be organized hierarchically rather than in parallel. That is, the goal-directed system may benefit from habits in goal-pursuit and thus rely on the habit system 57 , and the habit system may affect what goals are selected and pursued by the goal-directed system 58 . Empirical evidence for the existence of such hierarchies comes from a new generation of sequential decision-making tasks 59 61 .…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…On the one hand, instrumental actions can be controlled by a stimulus-response habit system whereby actions are elicited automatically by an environment in which actions have been previously followed by rewarding outcomes (i.e., the law of effect, Thorndike (1911)). Alternatively, they can be controlled by a goal-based system which considers the consequences of the actions and the current incentive value of the reward (Daw, 2015;Daw, Niv, & Dayan, 2005;Daw & O'Doherty, 2013;Dickinson & Balleine, 2002).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Cushman and Morris (2015) proposed a model in which goal selection is in part determined by a mix of habitual goal selection influenced by past reward as well as more deliberate cognitive planning to achieve this goal. Cognitive planning of goal pursuit has the advantage of considering an array of possible goal options, much like an algorithm, but can be cognitively taxing (Daw, 2015). On the other hand, habitual goal selection involves very simple learned behaviour-response pairings (i.e., do action X, receive reward Y), but it is inflexible compared to other behavioural choices (i.e., one may miss option Z, which would have produced even greater reward).…”
Section: Goal Selection: Pursuing Purpose-concordant Goalsmentioning
confidence: 99%