Off-components in response to brief light flashes in the oscillatory potential of the human electroretinogram

Kojima, M; Zrenner, Eberhart

doi:10.1007/bf00414619

Cited by 61 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…A possible role of amacrine cells in the b-wave amplitude change in double-flash experi ments was also postulated by Gottlob et al [1985] who observed that intravitreally in jected GABA reduces the first b-wave much more than the second one. The observation of Kojima and Zrenner [1978] that the time between two consecutive flashes particularly affects the number, amplitude and time course of oscillatory potentials, points once more to the involvement of amacrine cells in amplitude control, since amacrine cells gen erate oscillatory potentials [Wachtmeister and Dowling, 1977]. In the sum response of the ganglion cell layer, as expressed in the optic nerve response, the difference between 1st and 2nd response amplitude is much smaller than that in the b-wave and the iso lated PHI.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Double-Flash Responses in Different Retinal Layers

Schneider

Zrenner²

1987

Ophthalmic Res

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Stimulating the isolated arterially perfused cat eye with two consecutive flashes (double flashes) we have studied the reduction of the 2nd response recorded from outer (isolated PIII component of the ERG), middle (b-wave) and inner (optic nerve response, ONR) retinal layers. The spectral sensitivity of the mechanism that reduces the amplitude of the 2nd response, determined by a constant threshold of 20% amplitude reduction of the b-wave, could be matched by a 500 nm pigment absorption function. For a given stimulus irradiance the response reduction was largest in the b-wave and smaller in the PIII and ONR. The injection of the dopamine antagonist fluphenazine, which presumably does not influence rod receptor function, changes the ratio between the two b-wave double-flash responses. These data indicate that the reduction of the 2nd response is produced by a rod driven mechanism that has a receptoral as well as a postreceptoral component. The ONR data indicate that mechanisms in the inner retina counteract the amplitude reduction of the 2nd flash, thereby stabilizing the retinal output.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Double-Flash Responses in Different Retinal Layers

Schneider

Zrenner²

1987

Ophthalmic Res

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“…The remarkable constancy of the OP implicit times suggests a stable level of retinal light adaptation; progressive light adaptation from mesopic to photopic levels shortens the implicit time [18,30].…”

Section: However the Observation That Op-1 Did Not Change Significanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variability in clinically measured photopic oscillatory potentials

1989

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Oscillatory potentials found on the ascending phase of the electroretinogram b-wave probably originate in some element(s) of the inner plexiform layer. As oscillatory potentials are particularly sensitive to changes in retinal, and possibly choroidal, blood flow, they have been used extensively to provide clinical measures of the degree of retinal ischemia during the progression of diabetic retinopathy. Recent studies in our laboratories have disclosed previously unreported significant variability in the photopic oscillatory potentials on repeated measures even in tightly controlled conditions. The amplitude of five recordable light-adapted wavelets exhibited considerable intra- and inter-subject variability. Until further investigation can determine factors affecting standardization of testing, it appears that changes in oscillatory potential implicit times rather than in amplitudes are a better measurement in clinical neurophysiology.

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“…A part of the oscillatory activity (intermediate and later OPs) has been suggested to mainly be generated by synaptic interactions in third order neurons in the ON-pathway in the inner retina (Dong et al 2004). Moreover, the OPs recorded in response to the termination of the light stimuli, that is, the OFF-response of the ERG, has been reported to be time-locked to stimulus turnoff, presumably generated by OFF-elements described in single cell recordings (Kojima & Zrenner 1978). Our study was neither designed to separate the ON-and OFF-components of the ERG nor the OFF-contribution to the OP response.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our study was neither designed to separate the ON-and OFF-components of the ERG nor the OFF-contribution to the OP response. Future studies are needed for such analysis which will require, for example, longlasting stimulus light, pharmacological dissections to identify the ON-and OFF-components of the OPs (Kojima & Zrenner 1978;Wachtmeister 1981bWachtmeister , 1998Shirato et al 2008;Raghuram et al 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The response of the neuronal adaptive system to background illumination and readaptation to dark in the immature retina

Wang

Azazi

Eklund

et al. 2014

Acta Ophthalmologica

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ABSTRACT.Purpose: Developmental characteristics of the neuronal adaptive system of the retina, focusing on background light (BGL) adaptation and readaptation functions, were studied by measuring the oscillatory response (SOP) of the electroretinogram (ERG). Methods: Digitally filtered and conventional ERGs were simultaneously recorded. Rats aged 15 and 17 days were studied during exposure to BGLs of two mesopic intensities and during readaptation to dark. Results: Results were compared to adult rats. In 'low mesopic' BGL SOP instantly dropped significantly to about half of its dark-adapted (DA) value contrary to mature rats, in which the SOP significantly increased. In 'high mesopic' BGL SOP decreased to about 20% and 30% of DA values in immature and adult rats, respectively. The process of recovery of SOP in darkness lacked the transient enhancement immediately as BGL was turned off, characteristic of adult rats. There were no major age differences in adaptive behaviour of a-wave. In young rats, recovery of b-wave was relatively slower. Conclusions: Properties of BGL adaptation and readaptation functions of the neuronal adaptive system in baby retina differed compared to the adult one by being less forceful and more restrained. Handling of mesopic illumination and recovery in the dark was immature. Development of these functions of the neuronal adaptive system progresses postnatally and lags behind that of the photoreceptor response and seems to be delayed also compared to that of the bipolar response.

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Off-components in response to brief light flashes in the oscillatory potential of the human electroretinogram

Cited by 61 publications

References 18 publications

Double-Flash Responses in Different Retinal Layers

Double-Flash Responses in Different Retinal Layers

Variability in clinically measured photopic oscillatory potentials

The response of the neuronal adaptive system to background illumination and readaptation to dark in the immature retina

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