Off-farm employment and food expenditures at home and away from home

Chang, Hung‐Hao; Yen, Steven T.

doi:10.1093/erae/jbq032

Cited by 30 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…For instance, an additional year's increase in the husband's age decreases his likelihood of working off the farm by 0.8% if his wife does not work off the farm (i.e., for subgroup Y = 1, OP = 1 and SP = 0). In accordance with findings in previous studies (e.g., Chang and Yen ), a positive association between the farm husband's education and his off‐farm work is observed. Taking the results in the subgroup when only the farm husband works off the farm, for example (i.e., Y = 1, OP = 1 and SP = 0), farm husbands who have a college degree or higher are more likely to work off the farm by 5.03%, compared to their counterparts, that is, farm husbands who have primary education (the reference group).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Two important econometric issues of modeling farms' direct marketing strategy have to be addressed. First, many of the previous studies on farm couples' off‐farm labor supply have pointed out the importance of joint decision making between farm husband and wife regarding off‐farm labor participation (e.g., Huffman and Lange ; Chang and Yen ). In line with the conclusion drawn from these studies, we consider the off‐farm labor supply decisions of the farm husband and wife simultaneously.…”

Section: Econometric Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Role of Off‐Farm Labor Participation Decisions of Married Farm Couples on Farm Direct Marketing in Taiwan

Chang

Saeliw

2017

The Developing Economies

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Direct marketing from farm producers to consumers has been seen as a viable business option to increase farm income. This study investigates the factors that determine a farm's direct marketing decisions; special attention is paid to understanding the correlation between farm couples' off‐farm labor participation and the farm's adoption of direct marketing strategies. A nationally representative dataset of 3,670 married family farm couples in Taiwan is used as an illustration. A multiple choice treatment effect model is estimated to cope with endogeneity bias. The results indicate a significant association between farm couples' off‐farm labor decisions and the farm's adoption of direct marketing strategies. Moreover, gender difference is evident: farm husband's (wife's) off‐farm work is positively (negatively) associated with the farm's direct marketing decision.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Econometric Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Off‐Farm Labor Participation Decisions of Married Farm Couples on Farm Direct Marketing in Taiwan

Chang

Saeliw

2017

The Developing Economies

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“…Farm households located in rural areas are less likely to work off the farm. Chang and Yen [18] found that farm households located in the urban and town areas of Taiwan are more likely to work off the farm, compared to households located in villages. Similar urbanization effects on off-farm employment are reported for Dutch farmers living close to large cities [3].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies have showed that younger farmers are more likely to work off the farm [1,17]. Higher education levels have been positively associated with higher off-farm wages, implying greater willingness to seek off-farm employment [1,18]. On the other hand, higher education may increase the productivity of farm work, thus discouraging off-farm participation [19].…”

Section: Individual Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The location of farm households can capture the geographic heterogeneity and the urbanization effect. Sparsely populated areas are less business-intensive with fewer off-farm employment opportunities than areas with high population densities [3,18]. Local labour market characteristics shape the propensity of farmers to work off the farm.…”

Section: Spatial Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Off-Farm Employment and Economic Crisis: Evidence from Cyprus

2018

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Off-farm employment is an important strategy for complementing farm household income and maintaining rural livelihoods. A multilevel logistic regression model was applied to investigate the effect of farm-level and regional-level factors on off-farm employment in Cyprus during the recent economic crisis period. The performance of nonfarm sectors positively affects off-farm employment; a one-percent increase in the share of the secondary and tertiary sector employment increases the likelihood of off-farm work by 9.5 times. The importance of location was also identified. Farm households located in rural areas are 70% less likely to engage in off-farm work than households located in urban areas. The positive effect of educational attainment and the negative effect of farm training confirmed the importance of human capital characteristics on off-farm labour participation. Farm structural factors are also significant determinants of off-farm employment. A one-hectare increase in the farm size decreases the odds of off-farm labour participation by 50%. Operators of crop farming holdings are 4.2 times more likely to work off the farm than operators of livestock and mixed-farming holdings. The results reveal the importance of adopting a multilevel and integrated approach for the analysis of off-farm employment.

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The association between food outlet accessibility and market competition to household food expenditures: Empirical evidence from the convenience store industry in Taiwan

Chang

Lee

2021

Agribusiness

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Many studies document the importance of food outlet accessibility on household food expenditures. However, the role of market competition between commercial food outlets garners little attention in these studies. This paper provides the first evidence distinguishing between the association between food outlet accessibility and market competition among commercial food outlets on household food expenditures. Using administrative profiles on convenience stores and nationally representative repeated cross‐sectional household surveys from 2003 to 2016, we find that inter‐brand competition between convenience store chain brands is associated with total food, food at home, and food away from home expenditures in Taiwan. In contrast, food outlet accessibility has no significant correlation with household food expenditures after controlling for inter‐brand competition. [EconLit citations: Q13, L22].

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Off-farm employment and food expenditures at home and away from home

Cited by 30 publications

References 47 publications

The Role of Off‐Farm Labor Participation Decisions of Married Farm Couples on Farm Direct Marketing in Taiwan

The Role of Off‐Farm Labor Participation Decisions of Married Farm Couples on Farm Direct Marketing in Taiwan

Off-Farm Employment and Economic Crisis: Evidence from Cyprus

The association between food outlet accessibility and market competition to household food expenditures: Empirical evidence from the convenience store industry in Taiwan

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