32 Results: Women with higher 10 year risk of major osteoporotic had significantly higher cardiovascular risk 33 (4.634% vs 8.36%, p =0.001). In multiple regression analysis, 5-year CVD risk was significantly associated with 34 the 10-year risk of having major osteoporotic (β=0.095, p=0.001) and hip (β =0.055, p=0.001) fracture.35 Women with the highest CVD risk were 5.4 times more likely to have higher risk of major osteoporotic fracture. 36 Conclusions: Fracture risk, determined by using a multiple risk factor algorithm such as FRAX, was positively 37 associated with higher cardiovascular risk determined by using the Framingham Risk Tool. Awareness regarding 38 these concurrent risk factors needs to be raised so that appropriate risk reduction can be implemented.
51Although BMD has shown a strong association with fracture risk, 52 most fractures occur in subjects with T-scores above −2.5, the 53 threshold typically used to define osteoporosis, which means that 54 relying solely on BMD will miss many patients at risk of fracture. Clin-55 ical risk factors are also associated with an increased probability of
64In the present study, we investigated the relationship between 65 bone and cardiovascular pathways by calculating fracture risk using 66 the FRAX [15][16][17][18] tool and comparing it to cardiovascular risk assessed 67 by the Framingham Heart Risk tool [9,10] in a large population of peri 68 and postmenopausal women.
69
Methods
70
Subjects
71Study subjects were female twins over 45 years, recruited as part of 72