Offshore Wind, Ready to Float? Global and UK Trends in the Floating Offshore Wind Market

Life cycle assessment of floating offshore wind farms: An evaluation of operation and maintenance

“…visual impact of the turbine or competition for the use of sea areas) exist. Pre-commercial and small commercial deployments already exist, for example, in Japan, France and Portugal [14]. Two pilot parks have been deployed off the east coast of Scotland to date (see Figure 1), which are used as inspiration for the two case studies considered here, due to the partial availability of publicly available data.…”

Incorporating stochastic operation and maintenance models into the techno-economic analysis of floating offshore wind farms

“…This has led to a more conservative scenario in which the wind turbine is still characterised by a relatively low reliability. This in turn caused an increase of the O&M costs with respect to the figures provided in [4]. The effect of new designs on reliability is uncertain.…”

“…If assuming an 8% and a 12% discount rate, the LCoE value for Case Study 1 varies between 148. 4 [74]). However, LCoE values for pilot park deployments are expected to be in the upper cost range due to the limited effects of economies of scale and volume in pilot park deployments.…”

“…Nonetheless, being a novel technology, a number of economic and technical challenges exist [4]. Among the most relevant are: the creation of quick connection systems for the devices, the operation in potentially harsher conditions, the adaptation of the Offshore Wind Turbine (OWT) and related components to a more dynamic environment, and the availability of suitable port facilities.…”

An experimental investigation into the most prominent sources of uncertainty in wave tank testing of floating offshore wind turbines

“…Spar-buoy platforms are deep, drawing up to 70m, are narrow platforms that are heavily ballasted at the bottom of the platform to provide stability. Semi-submersible platforms draw approximately 20 -30m and use a large water plane area and ample buoyancy to provide stability [6]. Tension leg platforms consist of a structure with ample buoyancy restrained through a tension leg mooring system.…”