Offspring of parents who were separated and not speaking to one another have reduced resistance to the common cold as adults

Murphy, Michael; Cohen, Sheldon; Janicki-Deverts, Denise; Doyle, William J.

doi:10.1073/pnas.1700610114

Cited by 14 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Due consideration should also be given to a possible role for stressful early life experiences in shaping immune reactivity and host defence across the lifespan (Elwenspoek, Kuehn, Muller, & Turner, 2017). Exciting new findings show that adults whose parents lived apart and never spoke during their childhood were more than three times as likely to develop a common cold when exposed to the upper respiratory virus than adults from intact families (Murphy, Cohen, Janicki‐Deverts, & Doyle, 2017).…”

Section: Recommendations For Modifying Training and Recovery Activiti...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Recommendations to maintain immune health in athletes

Walsh

2018

European Journal of Sport Science

125

104

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Numerous studies over the last 35 years report an increase in upper respiratory infection (URI) symptoms in athletes during periods of heavy training and competition. Challenges athletes face such as heavy exercise and life stress influence immune function via activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the sympathetic nervous system and the resulting immunoregulatory hormones. Both innate and acquired immunity are often reported to decrease transiently in the hours after heavy exertion, typically 15-70%: prolonged heavy training sessions in particular have been shown to decrease immune function; potentially providing an 'open window' for opportunistic infections. Whether the observed changes in immunity with acute strenuous exercise or periods of heavy training account for the increased susceptibility to URI symptoms remains contentious. Nevertheless, there is little doubt that URI symptoms hinder athletic training and competition; underpinning the need to identify the prominent risk factors and appropriate countermeasures. Recent studies have identified prominent risk factors, including: intensified training in the winter; long-haul travel; low energy availability; high levels of psychological stress and anxiety; and depression. Given the shared pathways and effector limbs for the body's response to physical and psychological challenges, it is logical that psychological strain influences immunity and illness incidence in athletes under heavy training; indeed, stress and anxiety have recently been shown to modify the immune response to exercise. This mini-review provides new insights and evidence-based recommendations for coping with the various challenges that athletes encounter on immune health, including: heavy exercise; life stress; sleep disruption; environmental extremes and nutritional deficits.

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Section: Recommendations For Modifying Training and Recovery Activiti...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Recommendations to maintain immune health in athletes

Walsh

2018

European Journal of Sport Science

125

104

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Most participants were White ( n = 142, 66.7%), and the remaining participants identified as Black or African American ( n = 58, 27.2%), Indigenous American ( n = 1, 0.5%), Asian or Pacific Islander ( n = 4, 1.9%), Hispanic ( n = 3, 1.4%), or of another race or ethnicity ( n = 5, 2.3%). Participants were classified as either White non‐Hispanic ( n = 142; 66.7%) or non‐White ( n = 71; 33.3%) following the approach used by other researchers who have published articles on the Pittsburgh Cold Study 3 data (see, e.g., Murphy et al., 2017).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations of childhood and adult adversity with daily experiences in adulthood

et al. 2021

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Data from 213 adults were analysed to test the stress accumulation and stress sensitization models as they relate to daily mood, health behaviours and social interactions. Adults reported on childhood adversity, past year adversity, and daily experiences on 14 evenings. Results largely supported the stress accumulation and not stress sensitization model such that childhood and past year adversity had independent but not synergistic effects on daily experiences. Both adversity measures were independently associated with greater daily negative affect and negative affect variability. Childhood adversity independently associated with greater mean variability in daily positive affect. Past year adversity was associated with more daily social activities, greater odds of reporting interpersonal tension at least once, and daily tension. Although childhood adversity was associated with greater odds of sharing about one's day at least once, past year adversity was associated with more daily sharing and childhood adversity with less. Both measures were unrelated to daily health behaviours except childhood adversity was associated with lower odds of being a current drinker. The only support for the stress sensitization model was number of daily cigarettes among smokers. Our findings suggest childhood and recent adversity independently relate to adults' daily experiences and should be considered jointly.

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“…For examples of previously published analyses using PCS3 data, please see Refs. (2,(42)(43)(44)(45).…”

Section: Original Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

Recalled Neighborhood Environments, Parental Control, and Cytokine-Mediated Response to Viral Challenge

et al. 2021

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Objective: Neighborhood risk in childhood is associated with poor health across the life span. However, many people who are reared in risky neighborhoods remain healthy in adulthood. In the context of high-risk neighborhoods, parenting practices that are controlling might promote better physical health outcomes later in life. The current study used a viral challenge paradigm to examine whether parental control throughout childhood moderated the association between recalled neighborhood risk and cytokine-mediated cold susceptibility. Methods: A sample of 209 healthy adults completed questionnaires to assess recalled neighborhood risk and parental control over the first 15 years of life, were exposed to a common cold virus, and were quarantined for 6 days. Researchers assessed nasal proinflammatory cytokine production and objective markers of illness. Participants were diagnosed with a clinical cold if they met the infection and objective illness criteria. Results: A significant Neighborhood Risk by Parental Control interaction emerged to predict proinflammatory cytokine production. Furthermore, parental control moderated the cytokine-mediated association between neighborhood risk and cold diagnosis (index = −0.073, 95% confidence interval [CI] = −0.170 to −0.016), likelihood of infection (index = −0.071, 95% CI = −0.172 to −0.015), and meeting the objective symptom criteria (index = −0.074, 95% CI = −0.195 to −0.005). Specifically, there was a negative association between neighborhood risk and objective cold diagnosis and infection status at higher levels of parental control, but a nonsignificant association at lower levels of parental control. Conclusions: Findings suggest that the degree to which recalled neighborhood risk is related to adult health varies as a function of parental control throughout childhood.

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Offspring of parents who were separated and not speaking to one another have reduced resistance to the common cold as adults

Cited by 14 publications

References 60 publications

Recommendations to maintain immune health in athletes

Recommendations to maintain immune health in athletes

Associations of childhood and adult adversity with daily experiences in adulthood

Recalled Neighborhood Environments, Parental Control, and Cytokine-Mediated Response to Viral Challenge

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