Oil and grease (O&G) removal from commercial kitchen waste water using carbonised grass as a key media

Abstract

Abstract. Oil and grease (O&G) are usually found in kitchen waste water. O&G are poorly soluble in water and can cause serious problems during the wastewater treatment. Adsorption is a fundamental process in the treatment of kitchen waste water and very economical. Activated carbon is the most effective adsorbent for this application. Therefore, the aim of the current study is to determine the potential of four materials (i.e. sand, gravel, carbonised grass (CG) and clay powder) as filter media for O&G removal. The CGs were originated from "Elephant Grass" and it is a fast growing plant with significant potential as carbon. The clay acts as a magnet, drawing the oil molecules out of the water and causing them to attach to the surfaces of the clay. In the current study, two filters were developed with different media materials to get the best percentage removal. Filters 1 and 2 were filled with sand, gravel and CG, and sand, gravel, CG and powder clay, respectively. Three samples were taken during peak hour between April and May 2016. The initial O&G concentration varied from 101.37 mg/l to 248.30 mg/l and the final concentration varied from none to 22.57 mg/l for both filters. The percentage removal (%) of O&G were between 90.9 and 97.3 (Filter 1) and between 94.3 and 100 (Filter 2). Overall, both filters could efficiently remove O&G in the waste water and the quality of the carbonised grass proved to be as good as carbon produced from other traditional sources.

Field Performance of a Constructed Litter Trap with Oil and Grease Filter using Low-cost Materials

“…These findings indicated that the rubbish trap contribute effectively in the removal of O&G from the wastewater. The clay itself has high potential efficiency to adsorb of O&G. The results of the current study was similar to the study reported by Nazahiyah et al [6] and Pintor et al [8]. Clay are highly recommended to be used as filter medium as they can absorb O&G from the kitchen wastewater It is very easy to get because the study area is famous in producing and selling various types of clay.…”

“…On the other hand, the adsorption process is used for a wide variety of separations for O&G from wastewater. Clay is one of the most efficient adsorbents due to its fine-grained natural structure that contains metal oxides and organic matter which make it more effective for removing of pollutants such as O&G from the contaminated wastewater [6]. The conventional drainage systems in Parit Raja have no proper maintenance, the villagers discharge their sullage into the drains which are supposed to cater excessive water during heavy rainfall.…”

Rainwater Harvesting (RWH) and Groundwater Potential as Alternatives Water Resources in Malaysia: A Review

“…Due to the growth of population and expansion of industrial and agricultural, the demand for water has increased manifold. The problems arise when the water is not sufficient to meet the demand or polluted [8]. Vast development in various sectors resulted in such impacts on high demand of clean water in some areas.…”

Establish In-House; A Pre-treatment Method of Fat, Oil and Grease (FOG) in Kitchen Wastewater for Safe Disposal

“…Therefore, the kitchen wastewater should be subjected for a pre-treatment process for reducing of FOG before the discharge into the sewerage system [4]. The trap is one of the effective pre-treatment methods to separate and remove the FOG in the kitchen wastewater [5], [6]. Currently, different types of FOG traps are available in the Malaysia market such as FOGHog Manufactured by BioMicrobics as presented in previous work [7].…”