Natural products are the main stay of the alternative system of medicine. Artemisia nilagirica is commonly known as the Indian wormwood, family Asteraceae, found in the hilly areas of India. The plant has shown noticeably significant pharmacological activities. Traditionally, it is used in management of epilepsy, nervous disorders, as diuretic, anti-inflammatory and skin disorders. In the recent past, various actions of aerial parts are studied and it was found to possess antimicrobial, antifungal, antibacterial, antifilarial, insecticidal, antiulcer, anticancer, antioxidant and anti-asthmatic activity. Camphor, 1,8-cineole, β-eudesmol, artemisia alcohol, α-gurjunene, para-cymene, terpinene-4-ol and α-pinene are main essential oil constituents in A. nilagirica. Oil possesses antifungal, antimicrobial, insecticidal and larvicidal activity. These evidences prove that the whole plant is of great therapeutic valve. The future prospect includes pre clinical studies on the aerial parts as well as root.