In the case that the usage of power electronic transformers (PETs) has become a trend, research on minimizing the energy loss of PETs is imperative. Meanwhile, the miniaturization of PETs was considered a meaningful way to relief the problem to the maximum extent. And in the problems of miniaturization, the insulation design and the cooling-down design was considered the head of the problems because these two problems could result in an increase of energy loss, which is conflict with the goal of miniaturization. The basic requirement for insulation design is to keep the circuit from the damage of incidents like arc, which brought this job a status of the key to the miniaturization. But what made this trickier is that the design should also satisfy the demand of miniaturization. For the cooling-down design, a design could undertake the task but with smaller volume and lower cost would be favorable for users, but the change of circumstance could lead to different optimum design. Therefore, a study on these two fields is critical, in this essay, the insulation design would be firstly introduced and then the cooling-down design. Due to the status of the two problems mentioned above, the study showed in this paper would have a great value for the research and application of miniaturization of PETs.