We introduce a novel approach to estimating latent oil risk factors and establish their significance in pricing nonoil securities. Our model, which features four factors with simple economic interpretations, is estimated using both derivative prices and oil-related equity returns. The fit is excellent in and out of sample. The extracted oil factors carry significant risk premia, and are significantly related to macroeconomic variables as well as portfolio returns sorted on characteristics and industry. The average nonoil portfolio exhibits a sensitivity to the oil factors amounting to a sixth (in magnitude) of that of the oil industry itself.FEW, IF ANY, COMMODITIES have been the focus of more attention for their perceived economic significance than oil. While there is strong evidence relating oil prices to the business cycle, the nature of the relationship is nonlinear, timevarying, and difficult to attribute to any single source such as political uncertainty, cartel decisions, or global economic conditions (see Hamilton (2003) and Barsky and Kilian (2004)). Despite its prominence in the business media and economics literature, and despite the well-documented role of business cycles in asset pricing, academic research has largely failed to find consistent evidence that oil is an important determinant of cross-sectional asset prices.1 This paper introduces a new model and method to estimate latent oil risk factors using