Oil spills and fish health: exposing the heart of the matter

Incardona, John P.; Collier, Tracy K.; Scholz, Nathaniel L.

doi:10.1038/jes.2010.51

Cited by 71 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The developing fish heart is known as a sensitive target organ for the toxic effects of crude oil-derived polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) (4). Of the multiple two-to six-ringed PAH families contained in crude oil, the most abundant threeringed compounds are sufficient to drive the cardiotoxicity of petroleum-derived PAH mixtures.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Although subsurface application of dispersant near the wellhead resulted in retention of a considerable portion of oil in the bathypelagic zone (2), oil also traveled to the upper surface waters where it formed a large and dynamic patchwork of slicks (e.g., covering an estimated 17,725 km 2 during May 2010) (3). In the decades following the last major US oil spill (the 1989 Exxon Valdez spill in Alaska), developing fish embryos have been shown to be especially vulnerable to the toxicity of crude oil (4). The northern Gulf provides critical spawning and rearing habitats for a range of commercially and ecologically important pelagic fish species, and the timing of oil release into the ecosystem from the damaged Deepwater Horizon/MC252 well coincided with the temporal spawning window for bluefin and yellowfin tunas, mahi mahi, king and Spanish mackerels, greater and lesser amberjack, sailfish, blue marlin, and cobia (5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Deepwater Horizon crude oil impacts the developing hearts of large predatory pelagic fish

Incardona

Gardner

Linbo

et al. 2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

376

238

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The Deepwater Horizon disaster released more than 636 million L of crude oil into the northern Gulf of Mexico. The spill oiled upper surface water spawning habitats for many commercially and ecologically important pelagic fish species. Consequently, the developing spawn (embryos and larvae) of tunas, swordfish, and other large predators were potentially exposed to crude oil-derived polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Fish embryos are generally very sensitive to PAH-induced cardiotoxicity, and adverse changes in heart physiology and morphology can cause both acute and delayed mortality. Cardiac function is particularly important for fast-swimming pelagic predators with high aerobic demand. Offspring for these species develop rapidly at relatively high temperatures, and their vulnerability to crude oil toxicity is unknown. We assessed the impacts of field-collected Deepwater Horizon (MC252) oil samples on embryos of three pelagic fish: bluefin tuna, yellowfin tuna, and an amberjack. We show that environmentally realistic exposures (1-15 μg/L total PAH) cause specific dosedependent defects in cardiac function in all three species, with circulatory disruption culminating in pericardial edema and other secondary malformations. Each species displayed an irregular atrial arrhythmia following oil exposure, indicating a highly conserved response to oil toxicity. A considerable portion of Gulf water samples collected during the spill had PAH concentrations exceeding toxicity thresholds observed here, indicating the potential for losses of pelagic fish larvae. Vulnerability assessments in other ocean habitats, including the Arctic, should focus on the developing heart of resident fish species as an exceptionally sensitive and consistent indicator of crude oil impacts.oil spill | damage assessment | heart development | embryology

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Deepwater Horizon crude oil impacts the developing hearts of large predatory pelagic fish

Incardona

Gardner

Linbo

et al. 2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

376

238

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“…Deepwater Horizon disaster pose major threats to fish health and population vitality. Both spills have catalyzed research efforts to discern how to detect fish injury (1). The population effects on pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) and Pacific herring (Clupea pallasi) after Exxon Valdez are cause for concern regarding the effects of any major spill, including the Deepwater Horizon.…”

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confidence: 99%

Sublethal exposure to crude oil during embryonic development alters cardiac morphology and reduces aerobic capacity in adult fish

Hicken

Linbo

Baldwin

et al. 2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

307

214

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Exposure to high concentrations of crude oil produces a lethal syndrome of heart failure in fish embryos. Mortality is caused by cardiotoxic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), ubiquitous components of petroleum. Here, we show that transient embryonic exposure to very low concentrations of oil causes toxicity that is sublethal, delayed, and not counteracted by the protective effects of cytochrome P450 induction. Nearly a year after embryonic oil exposure, adult zebrafish showed subtle changes in heart shape and a significant reduction in swimming performance, indicative of reduced cardiac output. These delayed physiological impacts on cardiovascular performance at later life stages provide a potential mechanism linking reduced individual survival to population-level ecosystem responses of fish species to chronic, low-level oil pollution.

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“…PAHs caused edema, developmental delays, hemorrhaging, and cardiac function abnormalities (Carls et al, 2008). The target organ for crude oil is developing fish heart (Incardona et al, 2011). These compounds directly disrupt fish cardiac function (Incardona et al, 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Şi̇şman¹,

Atamanalp²,

Dane³

et al. 2016

Turk. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.

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In this study, toxicity of water associated fraction of 10W-40 motor oil was investigated during the early life stages of zebrafish (Danio rerio). In 1.5-hour post fertilization (hpf), the fertilized zebrafish eggs were exposed to the oil fraction (1.25, 2.5, 5.0,10.0, 20.0 and 40.0 v/v) and were followed through 24, 48, and 72 hpf. The morphological endpoints of development toxicity of the oil in zebrafish embryos were observed under a stereomicroscope. Higher concentrations caused acute lethal effects, and lower concentrations caused sublethal effects, such as incomplete gastrulation, tail curvature, weak pigmentation, head malformation, pericardial edema, vertebra column defect and scoliosis. Moreover, with the increase of the oil concentration, the malformation rate increased. The hatching rate and body length were also decreased. Finally, it was found that the water associated fraction of 10W-40 motor oil affected the normal embryonic development of zebrafish.

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Oil spills and fish health: exposing the heart of the matter

Cited by 71 publications

References 5 publications

Deepwater Horizon crude oil impacts the developing hearts of large predatory pelagic fish

Deepwater Horizon crude oil impacts the developing hearts of large predatory pelagic fish

Sublethal exposure to crude oil during embryonic development alters cardiac morphology and reduces aerobic capacity in adult fish

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