Oilfield-produced water treatment using conventional and membrane-based technologies for beneficial reuse: A critical review

Samuel, Ojo; Othman, Mohd Hafiz Dzarfan; Kamaludin, Roziana; Sinsamphanh, Oulavanh; Abdullah, Huda; Puteh, Mohd Hafiz; Kurniawan, Tonni Agustiono; Li, Tao; Ismail, Ahmad Fauzi; Rahman, Mukhlis A.; El-badawy, Tijjani; Mamah, Stanley Chinedu

doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114556

Cited by 61 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 188 publications

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“…An alternative to re-injection is the slow evaporation of spent brines in open air ponds, which overcomes the slowness of evaporitic technology in terms of production of lithium salts, but still results in evaporative loss of precious water and the production of waste. A second, higher cost option is the use of advanced technologies for desalination of hypersaline brines [95][96][97][98][99][100][101][102][103] .…”

Section: Review Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental impact of direct lithium extraction from brines

Vera

Torres

Galli

et al. 2023

Nat Rev Earth Environ

206

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Evaporitic technology for lithium mining from brines has been questioned for its intensive water use, protracted duration and exclusive application to continental brines. In this Review, we analyse the environmental impacts of evaporitic and alternative technologies, collectively known as direct lithium extraction (DLE), for lithium mining, focusing on requirements for fresh water, chemicals, energy consumption and waste generation, including spent brines. DLE technologies aim to tackle the environmental and techno-economic shortcomings of current practice by avoiding brine evaporation. A selection of DLE technologies has achieved Li + recovery above 95%, Li + /Mg 2+ separation above 100, and zero chemical approaches. Conversely, only 30% of DLE test experiments were performed on real brines, and thus the effect of multivalent ions or large Na + /Li + concentration differences on performance indicators is often not evaluated. Some DLE technologies involve brine pH changes or brine heating up to 80 o C for improved Li + recovery, which require energy, fresh water and chemicals that must be considered during environmental impact assessments. Future research should focus on performing tests on real brines and achieving competitiveness in several performance indicators simultaneously. The environmental impact of DLE should be assessed from brine pumping to the production of the pure solid lithium product. Sections Lithium mining from continental brinesAs of 2022, worldwide, there are eight full-scale active facilities that produce lithium compounds from continental brines 9 and more are likely to become active before 2030 (Fig. 1a). The evaporitic technology (Fig. 1b) is currently in use at seven of those facilities 18,19 . Brines are Key points• Fresh water consumption of direct lithium extraction (DLE) needs to be urgently quantified. Many DLE technologies might require larger freshwater volumes than current evaporative practices, compromising their applicability in arid locations.• Environmental monitoring guidelines have been drafted with evaporitic technology in mind, but they should also be applied to the implementation of any DLE technology, which still consumes brine, uses fresh water and produces residues, the latter two hopefully at considerably lower volumes.Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author selfarchiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

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Section: Review Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental impact of direct lithium extraction from brines

Vera

Torres

Galli

et al. 2023

Nat Rev Earth Environ

206

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“…Produced water from oil and gas production, together with flowback water from hydraulic fracturing, represents one of the largest anthropogenic waste streams. , Due to the highly impaired nature of this water and the energy investment required to purify it using conventional technology, most of it is disposed of via deep well injection . Removal of emulsified oil from such wastewater could be an important step in making it useful for beneficial purposes, such as hydraulic fracturing .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface Modification of Ultrafiltration Membranes with 1,4-Benzoquinone and Polyetheramines to Improve Fouling Resistance

Cheng

Kirschner

Chang

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Membrane fouling remains a key challenge for membrane separations. Hydrophilic membrane surface modification can mitigate irreversible foulant deposition, thereby improving fouling resistance. We report new hydrophilic membrane coatings based on 1,4-benzoquinone and various commercially available polyetheramines. These coatings, prepared from 1,4-benzoquinone and Jeffamine EDR 148, poly(benzoquinone-Jeffamine EDR 148) (p(BQ-EDR 148)), were used to modify polysulfone (PS) ultrafiltration membranes. In fouling experiments using an oil/water emulsion, membranes exhibited comparable fouling resistance to that of polydopamine (pDA)-modified membranes. Based on contact angle measurements, p(BQ-EDR 148) and pDA-modified membranes have similar levels of hydrophilicity, and both exhibited higher threshold flux values than those of their unmodified analogues. Based on their similar threshold flux values, p(BQ-EDR 148)-modified (76 LMH) and pDA-modified membranes (74 LMH) should have similar fouling resistance. Moreover, the mean pore size of p(BQ-EDR 148)-modified membranes can be tuned, while keeping the pure water permeance constant, by changing the deposition time and molar ratio of benzoquinone to EDR 148 in the modification solution.

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“…Electrodialysis (ED) 29,30,65,66,69,70 Electrical force is applied in the feed side of the membrane instead of applied pressure.…”

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confidence: 99%

Recent Perspectives on the Management of Formation Water Generated from Hydrocarbon Reservoirs

et al. 2023

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The water associated with oil and gas reservoirs is formation water (FW), which is generated at the surface during hydrocarbon production. The major challenges associated with the treatment of FW are higher contents of oil and grease, high salinity, suspended solids, organic pollutants, traces of heavy metals, and undesired microbes. To meet the stringent requirements for the usage and disposal of FW, various treatment methods have been developed and implemented in the oil industries for the sustainable management of generated FW from the hydrocarbon reservoir. This article aims to summarize the aspects related to the treatment of FW like the generation, available treatment methods, and prevailing challenges. The basics and working principles of individual methods have been described along with relevant examples for the treatment of FW. In addition, the combined/hybrid methods for the treatment of FW have also been discussed to improve overall efficiency. Hybrid methods have shown a better performance than conventional techniques and need to be implemented for effective treatment of the voluminous FW to meet stringent environmental standards for reuse and discharge.

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Oilfield-produced water treatment using conventional and membrane-based technologies for beneficial reuse: A critical review

Cited by 61 publications

References 188 publications

Environmental impact of direct lithium extraction from brines

Environmental impact of direct lithium extraction from brines

Surface Modification of Ultrafiltration Membranes with 1,4-Benzoquinone and Polyetheramines to Improve Fouling Resistance

Recent Perspectives on the Management of Formation Water Generated from Hydrocarbon Reservoirs

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