Oils for Increased Efficacy of Metarhizium anisopliae to Control Whiteflies

Malsam, Olga; Kilian, Michael; Oerke, E. C.; Dehne, H. W.

doi:10.1080/09583150220128121

Cited by 48 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…We think that the emulsiWable formulation has greatly enhanced ovicidal activities of the fungal agent in comparison with an LC 50 of 548 (393-857) or 546 (406-818) conidia mm ¡2 (plain conidia suspended in 0.02% Tween-80) toward the eggs of the same mite species at 25°C under moist conditions (Shi and Feng 2004;Shi et al 2005). This supports previous reports on oil-increased eYcacy of M. anisopliae against whiteXies (Malsam et al 2002) and of B. bassiana against aphids (Ye et al 2005), and on improved adaptation of oil formulations to low-humidity environ- 1 C ments for insect control (Bateman et al 1993;Kooyman and Godonou 1997). Although possible mechanisms involved in the enhancement of fungal activities by the oil-based formulation are not clear at present, we postulate that the enhancement may result from better attachment of the formulated conidia to target pests and from improved protection of the conidia from desiccation after spray.…”

supporting

confidence: 86%

Sprays of emulsifiable Beauveria bassiana formulation are ovicidal towards Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) at various regimes of temperature and humidity

2008

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Aerial conidia of Beauveria bassiana in an emulsifiable formulation germinated by >95% after 24 h exposure to the regimes of 20, 25 and 30 degrees C with 51%, 74% and 95% RH. Ovicidal activities of the formulation towards two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae, were assayed at the concentrations of 0, 18, 160 and 693 conidia mm(-2) sprayed separately onto fava bean leaves including 39 (25-76) eggs per capita. All the sprayed eggs on the leaves were directly exposed to the different regimes for hatch after 24 h maintenance in covered Petri dishes. Generally, hatched proportions increased over post-spray days and decreased with the elevated fungal concentrations; no more eggs hatched from day 9 or 10 onwards. Based on the counts of the hatched/non-hatched eggs in the different regimes, the final egg mortalities were 15.0-40.4%, 48.9-66.6% and 62.9-87.5% at the low, medium and high concentrations, respectively, but only 5.6-11.3% in blank controls. The RH effect on the fungal action was significant at 20 and 25 degrees C but not at 30 degrees C whereas the effect of temperature was significant at 51% and 74% RH but not at 95% RH. Probit analysis of the egg mortalities versus the fungal sprays generated median lethal concentrations (LC(50)) of 65-320 conidia mm(-2) at all the regimes, and of only 65-78 conidia mm(-2) at 25-30 degrees C with 74-95% RH. The results highlight ovicidal activities of the emulsifiable formulation against the mite species at the tested regimes and its potential use in spider mite control.

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supporting

confidence: 86%

Sprays of emulsifiable Beauveria bassiana formulation are ovicidal towards Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) at various regimes of temperature and humidity

2008

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“…Field trials with hyphomycete-based mycoinsecticides usually apply from 1 9 10 13 to 1 9 10 14 conidia/ha (Bateman 1997;Poprawski et al 1999;Wraight et al 2000;Vandenberg et al 2001;Malsam et al 2002). In the current field study, however, 3.75 9 10 12 -6.25 9 10 12 conidia/ha of B. bassiana CKB-048 was as effective as a chemical insecticide, which may be the result of favorable environmental factors and the virulence of B. bassiana CKB-048.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 45%

Laboratory and field evaluation of Beauveria bassiana for controlling Mulberry whitefly Pealius mori Takahashi (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) in mulberry (Morus alba Linn)

2009

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In a laboratory screening of 12 isolates of entomopathogenic fungi against nymphs of the mulberry whitefly (Pealius mori Takahashi), Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo-Crivelli) Vuillemin CKB-048 was the most virulent, causing 87 ± 3% mortality at 1 9 10 6 conidia/ml. Infection was confirmed by growth of the fungus from cadavers and by scanning electron microscopy of treated nymphs. Beauveria bassiana CKB-048 was formulated as a wettable powder (1 9 10 9 conidia/g) and tested in two mulberry (Morus alba Linn) plantations in central and northeastern Thailand. In both locations, two spray applications of B. bassiana CKB-048 at 3.75 9 10 12 to 6.25 9 10 12 conidia/ha and at 14 day intervals provided good control of whitefly nymphs; control with B. bassiana CKB-048 was comparable to that with the pesticide buprofezin at 250 g of active ingredient/ha. In addition, no mortality of silkworm larvae occurred when the larvae were fed with mulberry leaves sprayed with B. bassiana CKB-048 7, 14, or 21 days earlier.

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“…In addition, oil extends the viability of conidia held at ambient conditions or under refrigeration (Prior et al, 1988). The positive effects of formulating entomopathogenic fungi in oil have been reported as, (a) increased fungus-induced mortality against cocoa weevil (Prior et al, 1988), triatomine bugs (Luz and Batagin, 2005), grasshoppers (Lomer et al, 2001) and whiteflies (Malsam et al, 2002); (b) increased ovicidal activity against Aedes aegypti mosquito (Albernaz et al, 2009) and Rhipicephalus annulatus tick (Samish et al, 2014), and (c) increased virulence against different life stages of the tick R. microplus (Angelo et al, 2010;Camargo et al, 2012).…”

Section: Rhipicephalus Microplusmentioning

confidence: 97%

Effect of heat stress and oil formulation on conidial germination of Metarhizium anisopliae s.s. on tick cuticle and artificial medium

Barreto

Luz

Mascarin

et al. 2016

Journal of Invertebrate Pathology

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The effect of heat stress (45°C) versus non-heat stress (27°C) on germination of Metarhizium anisopliae sensu stricto (s.s.) isolate IP 119 was examined with conidia formulated (suspended) in pure mineral oil or in water (Tween 80, 0.01%), and then applied onto the cuticle of Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato (s.l.) engorged females or onto culture medium (PDAY). In addition, bioassays were performed to investigate the effect of conidia heated while formulated in oil, then applied to blood-engorged adult R. sanguineus females. Conidia suspended in water then exposed to 45°C, in comparison to conidia formulated in mineral oil and exposed to the same temperature, germinated less and more slowly when incubated on either PDAY medium or tick cuticle. Also, conidial germination on tick cuticle was delayed in comparison to germination on artificial culture medium; for example, germination was 13% on tick cuticle 72h after inoculation, in contrast to 61.5% on PDAY medium. Unheated (27°C) conidia suspended in either water or oil and applied to tick cuticle developed appressoria 36h after treatment; whereas only heat-stressed conidia formulated in oil developed appressoria on tick cuticle. In comparison to conidia heated in mineral oil, there was a strong negative effect of heat on germination of conidia heated in water before being applied to arthropod cuticle. Nevertheless, bioassays [based primarily on egg production (quantity) and egg hatchability] exhibited high percentages of tick control regardless of the type of conidial suspension; i.e., water- or oil-formulated conidia, and whether or not conidia were previously exposed to heat. In comparison to aqueous conidial preparations, however, conidia formulated in oil reduced egg hatchability irrespective of heat or no-heat exposure. In conclusion, mineral-oil formulation protected conidia against heat-induced delay of both germination and appressorium production when applied to the cuticle of R. sanguineus.

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Oils for Increased Efficacy of Metarhizium anisopliae to Control Whiteflies

Cited by 48 publications

References 22 publications

Sprays of emulsifiable Beauveria bassiana formulation are ovicidal towards Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) at various regimes of temperature and humidity

Sprays of emulsifiable Beauveria bassiana formulation are ovicidal towards Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) at various regimes of temperature and humidity

Laboratory and field evaluation of Beauveria bassiana for controlling Mulberry whitefly Pealius mori Takahashi (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) in mulberry (Morus alba Linn)

Effect of heat stress and oil formulation on conidial germination of Metarhizium anisopliae s.s. on tick cuticle and artificial medium

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