OK-432 Intralesional Injection Therapy for Lymphangioma in Children

New Approaches to the Treatment of Congenital Vascular Malformations (CVMs)—A Single Centre Experience

“…OK-432 is recommended as a substitute for absolute ethanol in the primary therapy of LMs, especially for the cystic ET form, since, most LMs are not life or limb-threatening, and therefore less powerful, safer drugs may be tried first. 30,48,49 However, OK-432 sclerotherapy as pre-operative adjunctive therapy for LMs has shown limited success at reducing the surgical morbidity of the cavernous ET form. 30 Interstitial laser therapy of the cavernous ET form of LM is under clinical trial for surgically unresectable lesions, with mixed results.…”

Management of arteriovenous malformations: a multidisciplinary approach

“…Anticipation of associated morbidity after the therapy was always considered. Embolo/sclerotherapy alone using various embolo/sclerosants [29][30][31][32][33][34] was implemented mostly to manage the surgically inaccessible AVMs or those that were considered to be at high surgical risk. Surgical procedures were preferred for all accessible AVMs with acceptable risk to attempt a cure.…”

Marginal vein is not a varicose vein; it is a venous malformation

“…The Hamburg Classification defined the CVMs to six groups based on the vascular systems involved: arterial, 49,50 venous, [51][52][53][54] arteriovenous (AVM), [55][56][57][58] LM, [59][60][61][62] capillary, 30,31 and combined vascular malformations. [63][64][65] When LM [66][67][68] is mixed/co-exists with VM or AVM [69][70][71] as a combined form of the CVM, they were named to HLM 21,65,72 (Table 1).…”