Old World Monkey Hemoglobins: Deciphering Phylogeny from Complex Patterns of Molecular Evolution

Hewett‐Emmett, David; Cook, Christopher N.; Barnicot, N. A.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-8783-5_13

Cited by 33 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…We know, after all, that the morphological data do contain the necessary information, because an informed eye can discern the correct story. Primed by strong molecular hints of the Cercocebus-Lophocebus dichotomy (Cronin and Sarich, 1976;Hewitt-Emmett et al, 1976), Groves (1978) was able to find cranial, dental, and soft-part characters that supported it. Similarly, dental and postcranial character states linking Cercocebus with Mandrillus, and Papio with Lophocebus, could be discerned (Fleagle and McGraw, 1999), once morphologists knew to look for them.…”

Section: Homoplasy Cryptic Symplesiomorphy and The Diversity Of Earmentioning

confidence: 97%

A proper study for mankind: Analogies from the Papionin monkeys and their implications for human evolution

Jolly

2001

Am. J. Phys. Anthropol.

271

225

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This paper's theme is that analogies drawn from the cercopithecine tribe Papionini, especially the African subtribe Papionina (baboons, mangabeys, and mandrills), can be a valuable source of insights about the evolution of the human tribe, Hominini, to complement homologies found in extant humans and/or African apes. Analogies, involving a "likeness of relations" of the form "A is to B, as X is to Y," can be usefully derived from nonhomologous (homoplastic) resemblances in morphology, behavior, ecology, or population structure. Pragmatically, the papionins are a fruitful source of analogies for hominins because they are phylogenetically close enough to share many basic attributes by homology, yet far enough that homoplastic modifications of these features are easily recognized as such. In "The Seedeaters," an analogy between Theropithecus among baboons and Australopithecus africanus among hominines was the source of a widely discussed (and often misrepresented) dietbased scenario of hominin origins that explained previously unassociated hominin apomorphies, interpreted basal hominins as nonhuman rather than prehuman primates, and accommodated a basal hominin adaptive radiation of at least two lines.Current usage recognizes an even more extensive evolutionary radiation among the basal hominins, originating no earlier than about 7 ma, with multiple lineages documented or inferred by 2.5 ma. Although multilineage clades (especially the Paranthropus clade) within this complex are widely recognized, and emerge from sophisticated, parsimony-based analyses, it is suspected that in many cases, developmental or functional homoplasies are overwhelming the phylogenetic signal in the data. The papionin analogy (specifically the splitting of the traditional, morphology-based genera Cercocebus and Papio mandated by molecular evidence) illustrates the power of these factors to produce erroneous cladograms. Moreover, the rapid deployment of basal hominins across varied African habitats was an ideal scenario for producing morphologically undetectable homoplasy. There seems to be no foolproof way to distinguish, a priori, homologous from homoplastic resemblances in morphology, but one pragmatic strategy is to severely censor the datset, retaining only resemblances or differences (often apparently trivial ones) that cannot be reasonably explained on the basis of functional resemblance or difference, respectively. This strategy may eliminate most morpological data, and leave many fossil taxa incertae sedis, but this is preferable to unwarranted phylogenetic confidence.

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Section: Homoplasy Cryptic Symplesiomorphy and The Diversity Of Earmentioning

confidence: 97%

A proper study for mankind: Analogies from the Papionin monkeys and their implications for human evolution

Jolly

2001

Am. J. Phys. Anthropol.

271

225

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“…1). More recently, the results of molecular studies have significantly altered traditional views of African papionin taxonomy and phylogeny (Barnicot and Wade, 1970;Barnicot and Hewett-Emmett, 1972;Cronin and Sarich, 1976;Hewett-Emmett et al, 1976;Disotell et al, 1992;Disotell, 1994Disotell, , 2000Harris and Disotell, 1998;Tosi et al, 1999Tosi et al, , 2003Harris, 2000). Rather than recognizing the mangabeys and baboons as monophyletic groups, molecular studies strongly argue that both groups are, in fact, diphyletic.…”

mentioning

confidence: 93%

Phylogenetic analysis of the African papionin basicranium using 3‐D geometric morphometrics: The need for improved methods to account for allometric effects

Gilbert

2010

American J Phys Anthropol

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The basicranium has been argued to contain a strong phylogenetic signal in previous analyses of primate cranial morphology. Therefore, further study of basicranial morphology may offer new insights into controversial phylogenetic relationships within primate groups. In this study, I apply 3-D geometric morphometric techniques in a phylogenetic analysis of the African papionin basicranium. The effects of allometry strongly influence African papionin basicranial morphology and, unless these size effects are controlled or eliminated, phylogenetic analyses suggest traditional phylogenetic groupings of small taxa (mangabeys) and large taxa (geladas, mandrills, drills, and baboons). When the effects of allometry are eliminated by excluding size-correlated principal components (PCs) or by regression analysis with retention of residuals, phylogenetic analyses of African papionin basicranial morphology are incongruent with recent molecular and morphological studies. By contrast, a cladistic analysis of basicranial characters using the narrow allometric coding method suggests the same phylogenetic relationships as recent molecular and morphological studies. These results suggest that important phylogenetic information is contained within the size-correlated data, and this information is being discarded during the attempt to eliminate the effects of body size. Future 3-D morphometric studies of phylogeny should focus on the development of new methodologies to adjust for allometric effects, as current techniques appear to be ill-equipped to deal with the case of a size-disparate, lower-level taxonomic group.

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“…The three largest African monkeys, mandrills, baboons, and geladas have long been considered a single radiation of closely related species, commonly placed in three separate genera Mandrillus, Papio, and Theropithecus. In 1976, immunological studies by Cronin and Sarich (7) and Hewett-Emmett et al (8) demonstrated that the two species groups of mangabeys were polyphyletic with respect to other papionins. The albigena group was more closely related to baboons and geladas, whereas the torquatus-galeritus group was more closely related to mandrills and macaques.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Skeletal and dental morphology supports diphyletic origin of baboons and mandrills

Fleagle

McGraw

1999

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

126

106

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Numerous biomolecular studies from the past 20 years have indicated that the large African monkeys Papio, Theropithecus, and Mandrillus have a diphyletic relationship with different species groups of mangabeys. According to the results of these studies, mandrills and drills (Mandrillus) are most closely related to the torquatus-galeritus group of mangabeys placed in the genus Cercocebus, whereas baboons (Papio) and geladas (Theropithecus) are most closely related to the albigena-aterrimus mangabeys, now commonly placed in the genus Lophocebus. However, there has been very little morphological evidence linking mandrills on the one hand and baboons and geladas on the other with different groups of mangabeys. In a study of mangabey locomotion and skeletal anatomy, we have identified features of the postcranial skeleton and the dentition that support the molecular phylogeny and clearly link mandrills with Cercocebus and Papio with Lophocebus. Moreover, the features linking Cercocebus and Mandrillus accord with ecological studies of these species indicating that these two genera are a cryptic clade characterized by unique adaptations for gleaning insects, hard nuts, and seeds from the forest f loor.Mangabeys are a group of large African monkeys characterized by moderately projecting snouts, large incisors, hollow cheek bones, long limbs, and long tails (1-3). They are found throughout much of sub-Saharan Africa from Senegal on the west to Kenya and Tanzania on the east (4). Traditionally placed in a single genus Cercocebus (5-6), these monkeys are commonly divided into two species groups-the terrestrial species galeritus, torquatus, atys, and agilis in one group, and the arboreal species albigena and aterrimus in another group. The three largest African monkeys, mandrills, baboons, and geladas have long been considered a single radiation of closely related species, commonly placed in three separate genera Mandrillus, Papio, and Theropithecus. In 1976, immunological studies by Cronin and Sarich (7) and demonstrated that the two species groups of mangabeys were polyphyletic with respect to other papionins. The albigena group was more closely related to baboons and geladas, whereas the torquatus-galeritus group was more closely related to mandrills and macaques. Groves (2) reported numerous cranial differences between the two species groups and urged separation of the albigena group into a separate genus, Lophocebus. Most recently Nakatsukasa (9-11) has documented skeletal differences between the two genera of mangabeys that distinguish the more terrestrial (12-15) Cercocebus from the more arboreal (16-19) Lophocebus. Subsequent molecular studies, especially by Disotell (20, 21) and colleagues (22,23) have confirmed the polyphyly of the mangabeys and clarified that the central African mandrills and drills (Mandrillus) are the sister taxon of Cercocebus whereas Lophocebus, Papio, and Theropithecus form a separate, unresolved clade.

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Old World Monkey Hemoglobins: Deciphering Phylogeny from Complex Patterns of Molecular Evolution

Cited by 33 publications

References 27 publications

A proper study for mankind: Analogies from the Papionin monkeys and their implications for human evolution

A proper study for mankind: Analogies from the Papionin monkeys and their implications for human evolution

Phylogenetic analysis of the African papionin basicranium using 3‐D geometric morphometrics: The need for improved methods to account for allometric effects

Skeletal and dental morphology supports diphyletic origin of baboons and mandrills

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