Olea europaea and Its Constituents Promote Bone Health by Enhancing Osteoblast Differentiation and Proliferation: A Review

Abstract

Background: The human bone is in a constant state of balance between bone resorption and bone formation, maintained by the osteoclasts and osteoblasts respectively. Association of Mediterranean diet and bone health has been prevalently studied in recent years. Olive and its constituents have been suggested to be the major contributor to the benefits of the Mediterranean diet in bone health. Method: In this review, cellular and molecular mechanism of bone homeostasis and the influence of olive and its constituents were discussed. Result: Many studies ranging from clinical, animal and in vitro cell culture reported benefits of olive and its constituents in bone health. Olive and its constituent exerted its beneficial effect in bone health through stimulation of bone formation as opposed to inhibition of bone resorption. Conclusion: Olive and its constituents promotes osteoblast differentiation and proliferation.

Effect of the supplementation of olive leaves and olive cake on growth performance and bone mineralisation of broiler chickens

“…In a study by Venäläinen et al (2006), an increased concentration of metabolizable P in the feed increased the crude ash content and the Ca and P content in the tibia of broilers. However, other components may also contribute to bone health, such as n-3 fatty acids (Liu et al, 2003) and polyphenols, which are present in Olea europaea L. by stimulating bone formation and inhibiting bone resorption, as they are thought to promote osteoblast differentiation and proliferation (Idrus and Saim, 2019). Several studies have shown that olives and their compounds can affect bone formation, maintain healthy bones and can be used as an effective dietary supplement in the treatment of osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, osteopenia and cartilage injuries (Đudarić et al, 2015;Hagiwara et al, 2011).…”

“…Fe, Cu, Zn) and form indigestible complexes that reduce the absorption and thus the utilization of minerals (Yang and Landau, 2000;Sandberg, 2002;Surai, 2014). However, according to the results of numerous in vitro studies on human models investigating the effects of olive polyphenols on osteoblast differentiation and osteoporosis prevention, olive polyphenols can have a beneficial effect especially when bone homeostasis is disturbed, because they increase bone formation and inhibit its resorption (García-Martínez et al, 2014;Idrus and Saim, 2019;Melguizo-Rodríguez et al, 2018;Santiago-Mora et al, 2011).…”

“…Bone growth, mineralisation and the formation of the bone collagen network are influenced by various factors such as gender, nutrition, genetics, disease, environment, rapid growth and ageing (Rath et al, 2000). Some in vitro and in vivo studies have reported positive effects of olives and their by-products on bone health by stimulating bone formation and inhibiting bone resorption, improving osteoblastogenesis and inhibiting osteoclastogenesis due to their anti-inflammatory and osteoimmunological effects (Đudarić et al, 2015;Idrus and Saim, 2019). The aim of the present study was to determine whether the dietary supplementation with olive leaves (Olea europaea L.) and olive cake at different levels affects growth performance and bone mineralisation of three bones (femur, tibia and humerus) in broiler chickens.…”

Hydroxytyrosol Promotes Proliferation of Human Schwann Cells: An In Vitro Study

“…Recent advances in phytomedicine have reported various health-promoting effects of olive oil and its extracts [1][2][3][4]. Olive oil contains numerous phytochemicals/phenolic compounds such as oleuropein, tyrosol, and hydroxytyrosol that are known to have potent antioxidant and cardio-neuroprotective effects [5][6][7][8][9].…”