Oleanolic Acid Exerts a Neuroprotective Effect Against Microglial Cell Activation by Modulating Cytokine Release and Antioxidant Defense Systems

Castellano, José María; Garcia-Rodriguez, Silvia; Espinosa, Juan M.; Millán-Linares, María C.; Rada, Mirela; Perona, Javier S.

doi:10.3390/biom9110683

Cited by 43 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…Moreover, alternative studies demonstrated that oleic acid supplementation reduces ROS generation and protects mitochondria from oxidative stress or apoptosis [ 114 , 115 ]. Furthermore, oleic acid has been also reported as an anti-inflammatory modulator through AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation and its activity among different targets like nuclear factor kB (NF-kB) inhibition, and consequently, decreasing cytokines secretion such as TNF [ 116 , 117 , 118 ].…”

Section: Nutrients (Well-being Through Feeding)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrition, Bioenergetics, and Metabolic Syndrome

et al. 2020

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According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the global nutrition report shows that whilst part of the world’s population starves, the other part suffers from obesity and associated complications. A balanced diet counterparts these extreme conditions with the proper proportion, composition, quantity, and presence of macronutrients, micronutrients, and bioactive compounds. However, little is known on the way these components exert any influence on our health. These nutrients aiming to feed our bodies, our tissues, and our cells, first need to reach mitochondria, where they are decomposed into CO2 and H2O to obtain energy. Mitochondria are the powerhouse of the cell and mainly responsible for nutrients metabolism, but they are also the main source of oxidative stress and cell death by apoptosis. Unappropriated nutrients may support mitochondrial to become the Trojan horse in the cell. This review aims to provide an approach to the role that some nutrients exert on mitochondria as a major contributor to high prevalent Western conditions including metabolic syndrome (MetS), a constellation of pathologic conditions which promotes type II diabetes and cardiovascular risk. Clinical and experimental data extracted from in vitro animal and cell models further demonstrated in patients, support the idea that a balanced diet, in a healthy lifestyle context, promotes proper bioenergetic and mitochondrial function, becoming the best medicine to prevent the onset and progression of MetS. Any advance in the prevention and management of these prevalent complications help to face these challenging global health problems, by ameliorating the quality of life of patients and reducing the associated sociosanitary burden.

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Section: Nutrients (Well-being Through Feeding)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrition, Bioenergetics, and Metabolic Syndrome

et al. 2020

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“…It has been reported that ursolic acid protects against LPS-induced cognitive impairment by inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory factors by blocking the p38/NF-κB signaling pathway in mouse brain [ 62 ]. Furthermore, Castellano, et al [ 63 ] recently reported that oleanolic acid inhibits LPS-induced BV2 microglial activation. These previous studies and the present study strongly support the notion that oleanolic and ursolic acids contribute to the anti-neuroinflammatory effect of FLLE.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-Neuroinflammatory Effects and Mechanism of Action of Fructus ligustri lucidi Extract in BV2 Microglia

Kim

Park

Koh

et al. 2021

Plants

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For centuries, Fructus ligustri lucidi (FLL; the fruit of Ligustrum lucidum Aiton or Ligustrum japonicum Thunb.) has been commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine for treating hepatitis and aging-related symptoms and in traditional Korean medicine to detoxify kidneys and the liver. Pharmacological research has shown FLL has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, anti-osteoporosis, and hepatoprotective activities. This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of FLL extract (FLLE) on neuroinflammation. After setting a non-toxic concentration using MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide] assay data, we investigated the effects of FLLE using Western blotting, cell migration, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, a nitric oxide (NO) assay, and immunofluorescence staining in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated murine BV2 microglial cells. FLLE was non-toxic to BV2 cells up to a concentration of 500 μg/mL and concentration-dependently inhibited the production of NO and prostaglandin E2 and the protein levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 under LPS-induced inflammatory conditions. It also inhibited the secretion of the inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Furthermore, FLLE pretreatment attenuated LPS-induced increases of CD68 (a marker of microglia activation) and suppressed the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathways in LPS-stimulated BV2 cells, and significantly increased heme oxygenase (HO)-1 levels. FLLE also reduced the LPS-induced increase in the migratory ability of BV2 cells and the phosphorylation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1. Collectively, FLLE effectively inhibited inflammatory response by suppressing the MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways and inducing HO-1 in LPS-stimulated BV2 microglial cells. Our findings provide a scientific basis for further study of FLL as a candidate for preventing or alleviating neuroinflammation.

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“…OA has been found to elicit antioxidant effects in a similar manner to UA. It induced the reduction of intracellular ROS levels in vitro [ 85 ], and it was demonstrated in vivo that OA activated GSH and SOD as well as decreased the level of MDA [ 16 , 86 ] (see Table 2 ).…”

Section: Neuroprotective Effects Of Ursolic and Oleanolic Acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pentacyclic triterpenoids are secondary plant metabolites that arise from cyclization of squalene and are widespread in stem bark and leaves of a variety of plants, and are present in substantial amounts in apple peels [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ]. Among various triterpenoids, naturally occurring and synthetic ursane and oleanane triterpenes have been immensely studied due to their wide ranging and promising anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ]. Therefore, in this review we will outline the major natural sources and summarize the current studies on the chemistry, bioavailability and pharmacokinetic properties of ursolic and oleanolic acids and some of their derivatives.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ursolic and Oleanolic Acids: Plant Metabolites with Neuroprotective Potential

Gudoityte

Arandarčikaitė

Mažeikienė

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Ursolic and oleanolic acids are secondary plant metabolites that are known to be involved in the plant defence system against water loss and pathogens. Nowadays these triterpenoids are also regarded as potential pharmaceutical compounds and there is mounting experimental data that either purified compounds or triterpenoid-enriched plant extracts exert various beneficial effects, including anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory and anticancer, on model systems of both human or animal origin. Some of those effects have been linked to the ability of ursolic and oleanolic acids to modulate intracellular antioxidant systems and also inflammation and cell death-related pathways. Therefore, our aim was to review current studies on the distribution of ursolic and oleanolic acids in plants, bioavailability and pharmacokinetic properties of these triterpenoids and their derivatives, and to discuss their neuroprotective effects in vitro and in vivo.

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Oleanolic Acid Exerts a Neuroprotective Effect Against Microglial Cell Activation by Modulating Cytokine Release and Antioxidant Defense Systems

Cited by 43 publications

References 69 publications

Nutrition, Bioenergetics, and Metabolic Syndrome

Nutrition, Bioenergetics, and Metabolic Syndrome

Anti-Neuroinflammatory Effects and Mechanism of Action of Fructus ligustri lucidi Extract in BV2 Microglia

Ursolic and Oleanolic Acids: Plant Metabolites with Neuroprotective Potential

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