Olfaction as a cue for product quality

Bone, Paula Fitzgerald; Jantrania, Swati

doi:10.1007/bf00994136

Cited by 139 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Previous studies have demonstrated how environmental conditions including store layout and design (Baker, Grewal, & Levy, 1992;Bellenger, Steinberg, & Stanton, 1976;Bitner, 1992;, music (Alpert & Alpert, 1990;Milliman, 1986;Sweeney & Wyber, 2002), scent (Bone & Jantrania, 1992;Chebat & Michon, 2003;Morrin & Ratneshwar, 2000) and employee and customer appearance (Babin, Darden, & Boles, 1995), evoke varying levels and types of emotions among customers, and that these emotions impact store shoppers' approach/avoidance behaviors (Donovan & Rossiter, 1982), willingness to buy (Baker, Grewal, & Levy, 1992), price perceptions (Grewal & Baker, 1994), perceived value (Babin, Darden, & Griffin, 1994), and customer satisfaction (Babin & Darden, 1996). Among the various research topics in consumers' interaction with service environment, one of the emergent issues is a consumer's reaction to crowded environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Customers' Responses to Crowded Restaurant Environments: Cross-Cultural Differences Between American and Chinese

Kim

Park

2008

Journal of Hospitality & Leisure Marketing

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The study aims at demonstrating cultural differences between American and Chinese in terms of customer's perceptions and satisfaction of crowded environment within the context of restaurant setting. It has been noted that culture has a substantial impact on customer's affection and judgment, and crowding in service environments is a critical antecedent of customer's satisfaction. Considering the two main theme, this study examined how the cultural difference plays a role in predicting customer's satisfaction within the crowded restaurant setting. With the use of customers from the two different cultures in an experimental study, participant's responses to similarly crowded environment in a restaurant were compared. It is revealed that customer's perception of crowdedness negatively influences their satisfaction, but the relationships vary depending on customer's cultural background. Cultural difference in predicting customer's satisfaction also appears to be substantial. .

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Customers' Responses to Crowded Restaurant Environments: Cross-Cultural Differences Between American and Chinese

Kim

Park

2008

Journal of Hospitality & Leisure Marketing

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“…Are such trademark protection efforts worthwhile? We attempt to answer this question by exploring the effect of product scent on consumers' ability to remember product information over time.To date, consumer research on scent has focused primarily on the effects of scent on product evaluation (Bone and Ellen 1999;Bone and Jantrania 1992;Bosmans 2006;Laird 1932;Mitchell, Kahn, and Knasko 1995;Spangenberg, Crowley, and Henderson 1996) as well as lingering time (Spangenberg et al 1996) (Mitchell et al 1995). Some initial work has examined the effects of scent on memory (Morrin andRatneshwar 2000, 2003), but these efforts have focused exclusively on the effects of ambient scent rather than product scent.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To date, consumer research on scent has focused primarily on the effects of scent on product evaluation (Bone and Ellen 1999;Bone and Jantrania 1992;Bosmans 2006;Laird 1932;Mitchell, Kahn, and Knasko 1995;Spangenberg, Crowley, and Henderson 1996) as well as lingering time (Spangenberg et al 1996) and variety-seeking behavior Aradhna Krishna is the Dwight F. Benton Professor of Marketing at the Ross School of Business, University of Michigan, 701 Tappan Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1234 (aradhna@umich.edu). May O. Lwin is associate professor, Wee Kim Wee School of Communication and Information, Nanyang Technological University, 31 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637718 (tmaylwin@ntu.edu.sg).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Product Scent and Memory

Krishna¹,

Lwin²,

Morrin³

2010

J Consum Res

146

102

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Scent research has focused primarily on the effects of ambient scent on consumer evaluations. We focus instead on the effects of product scent on consumer memories. For instance, if a pencil or a facial tissue is imbued with scent (vs. not), recall for the brand's other attributes increases significantly-with the effects lasting as much as 2 weeks after exposure. We also find that product scent is more effective than ambient scent at enhancing memory for product information. We suggest that this may be because, with product (ambient) scent, scent-related associations are focused on a single object (are diffused across multiple objects) in the environment. In support, we find that the memory effects are driven by the number of product/scent-related associations stored in long-term memory. The results suggest that, although ambient scent has received the bulk of attention from researchers and managers in recent years, greater focus on product scent is warranted.T he actions of firms in recent years suggest that imbuing products with scents can enhance brand equity. Firms have sought scent-based trademarks for products such as sewing thread (Brookman 1999), automobile tires (Carter 1995), and tennis balls (Bird 2000). Are such trademark protection efforts worthwhile? We attempt to answer this question by exploring the effect of product scent on consumers' ability to remember product information over time.To date, consumer research on scent has focused primarily on the effects of scent on product evaluation (Bone and Ellen 1999;Bone and Jantrania 1992;Bosmans 2006;Laird 1932;Mitchell, Kahn, and Knasko 1995;Spangenberg, Crowley, and Henderson 1996) as well as lingering time (Spangenberg et al. 1996) (Mitchell et al. 1995). Some initial work has examined the effects of scent on memory (Morrin andRatneshwar 2000, 2003), but these efforts have focused exclusively on the effects of ambient scent rather than product scent. Yet the use of product scent would appear to be much more widespread in the marketplace. Moreover, product scent may be particularly effective at enhancing memory for product information as a function of its ability to enhance a product's distinctiveness within its surrounding context. Specifically, we show that, when products are scented (vs. not), consumers are more likely to remember information about those products. This occurs even though the product scent is not reintroduced at the time of recall and even when memory is assessed as much as 2 weeks after product exposure. In exploring the process at work for this effect, we show that the number of scent-related thoughts available at the time of information retrieval mediates the effect of the product scent on memory for product information. Additionally, ambient scent is not found to exhibit a similar effect on memory for an individual product, and we argue that this is due to a product scent's ability to make a product perceptually distinctive within its environment. We rule out alternative explanations for a product scent's effect on memory, name...

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“…Olfaction research has indicated that pleasant ambient scent Chebat & Michon, 2003;Mattila & Wirtz, 2001) and pleasingly scented product (Bone & Jantrania, 1992;Miller, 1991) have a positive effect on the affective response of the consumers as well.…”

Section: Sensuality and Brand Lovementioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, pleasant colors enhance consumers' positive evaluations (Babin, Hardesty, & Suter, 2003) and positive feelings (Bellizzi et al, 1983;Bellizzi & Hite, 1992). Pleasantness of an ambient scent evokes affective response for the consumer Chebat & Michon, 2003), and pleasingly scented products affect positive product evaluations (Bone & Jantrania, 1992;Miller, 1991). Instore music affects shoppers' product evaluations and emotional responses (Yalch & Spangenberg, 2000).…”

Section: Sensuality: Sensory Experiencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a brand image scale and the impact of lovemarks on brand equity

Cho

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Olfaction as a cue for product quality

Cited by 139 publications

References 6 publications

Customers' Responses to Crowded Restaurant Environments: Cross-Cultural Differences Between American and Chinese

Customers' Responses to Crowded Restaurant Environments: Cross-Cultural Differences Between American and Chinese

Product Scent and Memory

Development of a brand image scale and the impact of lovemarks on brand equity

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