Olfaction as a marker for depression in humans

Croy, Ilona; Symmank, Anja; Schellong, Julia; Hummel, Cornélia; Gerber, Johannes; Joraschky, Peter; Hummel, Thomas

doi:10.1016/j.jad.2013.12.026

Cited by 167 publications

(166 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The OB is the first central relay station of olfactory processing and its volume is highly correlated to olfactory function (Buschhuter et al 2008;Hummel et al 2013a;Yousem et al 1996). Consequently, MDD is accompanied by the decline of primary and secondary olfactory processing ( (Croy et al 2014b) and review in (Schablitzky and Pause 2014)). When following up those results we found that people with a history of childhood maltreatment form a subgroup of patients with depression that is characterized by further reduction of the OB volume and olfactory sensitivity (Croy et al 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Olfactory bulb volume predicts therapeutic outcome in major depression disorder

Negoiaș

Hummel

Symmank

et al. 2015

Brain Imaging and Behavior

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The volume of the olfactory bulb (OB) is strongly reduced in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and this group exhibits markedly decreased olfactory function. It has been suggested that olfactory input is important for maintaining balance in limbic neurocircuits. The aim of our study was to investigate whether reduced OB volume is associated with response to therapy in MDD. Twenty-four inpatients (all women, age 21-49 years, mean 38 ± 10 years SD) with MDD and 36 healthy controls (all women, age 20-52 years, mean 36 ± 10 years SD) underwent structural MRI. OB volume was compared between responders (N = 13) and non-responders (N = 11) to psychotherapy. Retest of OB volume was performed about 6 months after the end of therapy in nine of the patients. Therapy responders exhibited no significant difference in OB volume compared to healthy controls. However, average OB volume of non-responders was 23 % smaller compared to responders (p = .0011). Furthermore, OB volume was correlated with the change of depression severity (r = .46, p = .024). Volume of the OB did not change in the course of therapy. OB volume may be a biological vulnerability factor for the occurrence and/or maintenance of depression, at least in women.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Olfactory bulb volume predicts therapeutic outcome in major depression disorder

Negoiaș

Hummel

Symmank

et al. 2015

Brain Imaging and Behavior

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“…It is known that while a depressed mood and apathy alter brain function in the prefrontal limbic network, and that it overlaps regions dealing with olfaction, such that depression can reduce olfactory ability (Croy et al, 2014).…”

Section: Both Richness and Pos Analysis Supported Bymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Depression and Apathy on Sensory Language

Kernot¹,

Bossomaier²,

Bradbury³

2017

OJML

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The debate that language strongly influences thought is equally met by those who suggest language does not influence thought. While historically, the ability to communicate with words was believed to be intimately tied to an ability to form thoughts, we would argue that thought and language are linked together through our sensory and motor systems and severely impacted by depression and apathy. We test this by conducting parts of speech analysis from the comparative longitudinal studies of two highly creative and prolific writers, where one is diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease (AD), and the other lives a long and healthy life. We calculate function and contents word ratios, measure lexical repetition, and the use of sensory-based words in textual language to test for depression and apathy in AD which is supported by MannWhitney U-Testing and Principal Component Analysis. Our results support the hypothesis that thought and language are impacted by depression and apathy and revealed in a person's writing style 12 years before a formal diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease presents. We find higher lexical repetition in language 12 years prior to one author being diagnosed with AD while not apparent in the other. We identify low olfactory word use and also find that an increased use of sensory-based adjectives might be a sign of the early onset of Alzheimer's disease.

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“…The potential association between the olfaction and depression was fi rstly documented in the rodent model, where the bilaterally destroy of the olfactory bulb led to great alteration in the concentrations of dopamine and serotonin [14] and, in the end, resulting in depressive-like phenotypes [15]. Mounting evidence confi rmed that a close relationship existed between the dysfunctions in olfactory system and the occurrence of depression [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. For reasons of clarity and brevity, the current review only summarized some key recent studies pertaining to the relationship between the dysfunctional olfaction and depression, to highlight potentially crucial roles of the normal olfactory system function in ameliorating the probability of the occurrence of depression.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In other words, olfaction could be considered as a marker for depression in humans [18,19]. A relationship between the a decreased healthy neuronal density of the habenula and depressive phenotypes was demonstrated in a rat model with olfactory bulbecotomy, suggesting that olfactory dysfunctions could probably cause depression by affecting neuronal degeneration in habenular nuclei [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These olfactory defi cits in patients with system at different developmental stages [22,[28][29][30][31]. In a study selectively focused on depressed women showed that these patients exhibited decreased olfactory discrimination and reduced activation in secondary olfactory structures, which could be improved remarkably after the antidepressant therapy [18]. While some of the olfactory dysfunctions could be normalized with clinical treatment on depression [19], the structural changes in the olfactory bulb could not be improved [21], which suggests that depression may lead to some potential non-reversible modifi cations on the olfactory system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Short Glance at the Role of Olfaction in Depression

Zhou¹,

Lu²,

Lin³

et al. 2017

Arch Depress Anxiety

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Depression as one kind of neuropsychiatric disorder affects tons of population in the world and exerts great economic and social burden. Great efforts have been made during the past decades aiming to decipher the underlying mechanism of this mental disease. Different kinds of mechanisms underlie depression, among which malfunctions in the olfactory system is one important reason. The occurrence of depression has a close association with dysfunctions in the olfactory system, which is highlighted by some brain regions responsible for depression overlapping with areas playing crucial roles in olfaction. The close relationship between olfactory malfunctions and depression is also underscored by the evidence that some patients with depression exhibited a higher probability of odor identifi cation impairment and a reduced olfactory sensitivity as well as smaller olfactory bulb volumes. For reasons of concise and clarity, in the current review we only briefl y summarized some key recent studies pertaining to the relationship between the dysfunctional olfaction and depression, to underscore potentially crucial roles of the normal olfactory system function in ameliorating the probability of the occurrence of depression.

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Olfaction as a marker for depression in humans

Cited by 167 publications

References 35 publications

Olfactory bulb volume predicts therapeutic outcome in major depression disorder

Olfactory bulb volume predicts therapeutic outcome in major depression disorder

The Impact of Depression and Apathy on Sensory Language

A Short Glance at the Role of Olfaction in Depression

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