Olfactory cortex and Olfactory bulb volume alterations in patients with post-infectious Olfactory loss

Yao, Le; Yi, Xiaoli; Pinto, Jayant M.; Yuan, Xiandao; Guo, Yichen; Liu, Yifan; Wei, Yongxiang

doi:10.1007/s11682-017-9807-7

Cited by 71 publications

(99 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Considering these orbitofrontal areas as predominantly olfactory, the cortical increases displayed by individuals with ICA are presumably caused by the fact that these areas have never received olfactory input. In contrast, individuals with acquired olfactory sensory loss tend to demonstrate cortical volume decreases in the OFC (Bitter et al 2010;Yao et al 2017). Although these morphological consequences of olfactory sensory loss might seem contradictory, similar results have repeatedly been demonstrated in blind individuals, with a thickening of visual cortex of congenitally blind and a thinning of those with acquired blindness (Park et al 2009;Voss and Zatorre 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Structural changes in secondary, but not primary, sensory cortex in individuals with congenital olfactory sensory loss

Peter

Mårtensson

Postma

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Individuals with congenital sensory loss experience a total lack of input from the lost sense throughout development. This lack of input has been linked to altered brain morphology, mainly in cerebral areas normally devoted to the processing of the lost sense. In congenital olfactory sensory loss (anosmia), the only consistent morphological finding is a decreased depth of the olfactory sulci, linked to small or absent olfactory bulbs. Here, we aimed to establish whether congenital anosmia leads to more widespread alterations by comparing gray matter volume, cortical thickness, and curvature between 34 individuals with isolated congenital anosmia and 34 matched controls. Individuals with anosmia demonstrated alterations in bilateral olfactory sulci, encompassing decreased sulcus depth, gray matter atrophy, and decreased curvature. They further demonstrated increased gray matter volume and cortical thickness in the medial orbital gyri; regions strongly linked to olfactory processing, sensory integration and value coding. No structural alterations in the primary olfactory (piriform) cortex were, however, demonstrated. Our results replicate and extend previous knowledge with findings of divergent morphological alterations in bilateral orbitofrontal cortex, indicating influences of different plastic processes and suggesting that a lifelong absence of sensory input does not necessarily lead to morphological alterations in primary sensory cortex.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Structural changes in secondary, but not primary, sensory cortex in individuals with congenital olfactory sensory loss

Peter

Mårtensson

Postma

et al. 2019

Preprint

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“…1). The patient's most recent olfactory bulb volumes measured 3 years before COVID-19induced anosmia were 49•5 mm 3 and 47•46 mm 3 . In comparison, the olfactory bulb volumes on the MRI after COVID-19induced anosmia were 29•96 mm 3 and 35•51 mm 3 , smaller than the minimum olfactory bulb volume in the literature of 54 mm 3 in women < 45 years of age [1].…”

Section: Main Textmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Olfactory bulb volume loss in patients within the broad category of post-infectious anosmia is correlated with the duration of olfactory loss [2,3]. Although the exact pathogenesis of COVID-19-induced anosmia has not been definitively elucidated, Brann et al suggest that anosmia and dysgeusia in COVID-19 patients may be due to viral infection of the olfactory epithelial support cells such as the sustentacular cells and Bowman's gland cells [4].…”

Section: Main Textmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19-induced anosmia associated with olfactory bulb atrophy

et al. 2020

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As the global COVID-19 pandemic evolves, our knowledge of the respiratory and non-respiratory symptoms continues to grow. One such symptom, anosmia, may be a neurologic marker of coronavirus infection and the initial presentation of infected patients. Because this symptom is not routinely investigated by imaging, there is conflicting literature on neuroimaging abnormalities related to COVID-19-related anosmia. We present a novel case of COVID-19 anosmia with definitive olfactory bulb atrophy compared with pre-COVID imaging. The patient had prior MR imaging related to a history of prolactinoma that provided baseline volumes of her olfactory bulbs. After a positive diagnosis of COVID-19 and approximately 2 months duration of anosmia, an MRI was performed that showed clear interval olfactory bulb atrophy. This diagnostic finding is of prognostic importance and indicates that the olfactory entry point to the brain should be further investigated to improve our understanding of COVID infectious pathophysiology.

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“…However, it is important to assess the volume of the olfactory bulb that might be, at this this stage, too subtle to be detected on MRI results. Moreover, Yao et al 5 have reported that the volume of the olfactory bulb is decreased in patients with postinfectious olfactory loss and is inversely related to the duration of olfactory loss.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sudden and Complete Olfactory Loss of Function as a Possible Symptom of COVID-19

Eliezer

Hautefort

Hamel

et al. 2020

JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg

346

325

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Olfactory cortex and Olfactory bulb volume alterations in patients with post-infectious Olfactory loss

Cited by 71 publications

References 28 publications

Structural changes in secondary, but not primary, sensory cortex in individuals with congenital olfactory sensory loss

Structural changes in secondary, but not primary, sensory cortex in individuals with congenital olfactory sensory loss

COVID-19-induced anosmia associated with olfactory bulb atrophy

Sudden and Complete Olfactory Loss of Function as a Possible Symptom of COVID-19

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