Olfactory deficits in neuroleptic naive patients with schizophrenia

Effects of clozapine and 2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylamphetamine [DOM] on 5-HT2A receptor expression in discrete brain areas

“…Thus, disruptions in the olfactory nucleus could conceivable affect these brain areas to produce more widespread alterations in perception and affect. Interestingly, in schizophrenic patients there is considerable evidence of impaired olfaction (Kopala et al, 1993;Moberg et al, 1999;Malaspina and Coleman, 2003), as well as, reduction in the size of the olfactory bulb (Turetsky et al, 2000).…”

Olfactory identification deficits in schizophrenia: correlation with duration of illness

“…While effects of long-term neuroleptic treatment on olfaction are not fully understood, published empirical data that concerned the effects of medication on University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test performance in several neurological disorders have been uniformly negative. For schizophrenia specifically no study has noted differences among neuroleptic-naive, neuroleptic-withdrawn, and currently medicated patients on olfactory test performance (4,5). Second, fewer elderly male than female subjects were available for study, which perhaps militates against further elucidation of sex differences in test performance.…”

“…Deficits in odor identification, odor detection threshold sensitivity, and odor memory have been described in young patients with schizophrenia (3,4). Neuroleptic use, smoking, cognitive deficits, and illness severity all appear unrelated to this abnormality (5). Olfactory processing is mediated by limbic neuroanatomical structures that have been implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia, particularly the prefrontal cortex, ventromedial temporal lobe, basal forebrain, and diencephalon (6).…”

Olfactory Dysfunction in Schizophrenia A Qualitative and Quantitative Review

“…For example, Bradley (1984) reported that psychotic patients, most notably men with schizophrenia, were hypersensitive to the pheromonal substance 5 ␣ -16-androsten-3-one. More recent studies, however, have not confirmed such hypersensitivity, with some studies reporting intact sensitivity (Kopala et al 1989;Kopala et al 1992;Geddes et al 1991) and others demonstrating decreased olfactory sensitivity in this disease (Isseroff et al 1987;Serby et al 1990). With the exception of one study (Warner et al 1990; see also response by Hurwitz and Clark 1990), deficits in odor identification (Brewer et al 1996;Houlihan et al 1994;Hurwitz et al 1988;Kopala et al 1989;Kopala et al 1992;Kopala et al 1994;Kopala et al 1995b;Kopala et al 1995c;Malaspina et al 1994;Moberg et al 1997a;Moberg et al 1997b;Seidman et al 1992;Seidman et al 1995;Seidman et al 1997;Serby et al 1990;Wu et al 1993), odor detection threshold sensitivity (Isseroff et al 1987;Serby et al 1990), and odor memory (Campbell and Gregson 1972;Wu et al 1993) have now been reported.…”

“…Several studies have now reported that patients with schizophrenia exhibit deficits in olfactory function. These deficits are seen early in the course of the disorder, but are strongly correlated with duration of illness (Kopala et al 1992;Moberg et al 1997b). Neuroleptic use, smoking, cognitive deficits and illness severity all appear to be unrelated to this abnormality (Martzke et al 1997).…”