Olfactory function evaluation in a 1102 community-dwelling 20-90-year old Japanese population in relation with age, sex and mental decline

Yanagimachi, Mamoru; Takahashi, Ippei; Bernier, François; Takahashi, Kentaro; Kurauchi, Shizuka; Mikuniya, Yuki; Sasaki, Akira; Komine, Toshiya; Matsubara, Atsushi; Nakaji, Shigeyuki

doi:10.15761/adcn.1000117

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…In a Japanese cohort of 1102 individuals, the mean score on UPSIT-J-4 was associated with an age-dependent decline in olfactory identification function. 28 On the other hand, unlike previous reports, no gender differences were found in olfactory identification ability in our study. This may be related to the fact that there were no gender differences in the MPI scores.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 97%

Cognitive Function and Olfactory Impairment in Community-Dwelling Older Adults Attending a Salon

Yamamoto

Shiota

Yoshiiwa

et al. 2022

J Prim Care Community Health

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Background: Early detection, treatment, and care are important for the prevention of dementia. Though olfactory impairment has been reported to be associated with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), there are few reports involving community-dwelling older adults with no difficulty in daily life in Japan. Objective: This study aimed to identify the frequency of MCI in community-dwelling elderly people attending community salons in a city with a high aging population, and to determine the usefulness of a pocket olfactory discrimination test. Methods: We recruited 268 independent older adults attending community salons. The Japanese version of the MCI Screen was used to evaluate cognitive function, defining MCI as <49.8 out of 100 scores of the memory performance index (MPI). The Japanese version of the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT-J) was used for olfactory discrimination and the number of correct answers out of 4 questions was noted. Results: Of the salon participants, 138 (51.5%) were classified as having MCI. As the number of correct answers on the olfactory test decreased, the percentage of participants with MCI increased. The MPI score of the low UPSIT score group was significantly lower than that of the high UPSIT score group. Conclusions: This study revealed that approximately half of the elderly local residents living without daily problems were suspected of having MCI. The UPSIT-J-4 is a simple olfactory identification test, and can be used at any time and any place. It is useful for screening cognitive function via olfactory identification in a salon-like setting.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 97%

Cognitive Function and Olfactory Impairment in Community-Dwelling Older Adults Attending a Salon

Yamamoto

Shiota

Yoshiiwa

et al. 2022

J Prim Care Community Health

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“…Although Yanagimachi et al 12 ) reported a correlation between scores of MMSE and olfactory discrimination tests in healthy older participants, it remains unclear whether mild cognitive decline impairs olfactory discrimination; therefore, this study examined the relationship between cognitive function and olfactory discrimination ability using the MoCA-J, which can detect even a more minor cognitive decline and found a positive correlation between MoCA-J and OSIT-J scores. However, the MMSE-J is not good at detecting mild cognitive function.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Association between cognitive function and olfactory identification ability in community-dwelling older individuals

Yoshitake

Maeshima

et al. 2022

J Phys Ther Sci

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[Purpose] We investigated whether olfactory identification ability may be useful for early detection of cognitive decline. [Participants and Methods] The study included 55 community-dwelling older individuals without a history of mild cognitive impairment or dementia, who were capable of living independently. Cognitive function was evaluated using the Japanese versions of the Mini-Mental State Examination and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment tools. The olfactory identification ability was evaluated using the Odor Stick Identification Test for the Japanese. We also investigated the association between olfactory identification ability and cognitive function. [Results] Based on the Japanese version of the Mini-Mental State Examination, all participants were categorized into the noncognitive decline group, and based on the Japanese version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment tool, 21 participants were categorized into the cognitive decline group. With regard to olfactory discrimination ability, we observed a significant difference between participants with and without cognitive decline based on the Japanese version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores. Furthermore, we observed a significant positive correlation between the Japanese version of the the Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores and the Odor Stick Identification Test for the Japanese scores, although no significant correlation was observed between the Japanese version of the Mini-Mental State Examination and the Odor Stick Identification Test for the Japanese scores. [Conclusion] Olfactory identification ability may be useful to detect early-stage cognitive decline in community-dwelling older individuals.

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“…The impairment as presented in UPSIT-J increased with ageing as reported before. 23 Significant differences were not observed in the ages of these seven groups (AD.G, MixD.G, VaD.G, DLB.G, LS.G, HS.G, H.G) (see Table 1).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…In this study, persons who consulted with complaints of forgetfulness underwent the UPSIT-J. 22,23 We will investigate whether the UPSIT-J is useful for early diagnosis or not. 22 In the dementia group, we mainly applied the diagnostic criteria for International Classification of Diseases 10 (ICD-10).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A characteristic of olfactory function in four types of dementia and non‐dementia subjects using smell identification test

Yamashita,

Shoji,

Yanagimoto

et al. 2023

Psychogeriatrics

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BackgroundFor those outpatients who were consulted for memory loss, the Japanese version of University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT‐J) was performed to examine olfactory function. In the same way, the revised version of Hasegawa Dementia Scale, Mini Mental State Examination, Clinical Dementia Rating and brain magnetic resonance imaging were used to investigate the cognitive function. In the present study, we evaluated the olfactory function of elderly subjects, including those with dementia, by means of UPSIT‐J and we examined their characteristics.MethodsThe characteristics of dementia as Alzheimer type group (AD.G), mixed type group (MixD.G), vascular type group (VaD.G), dementia with Lewy bodies group (DLB.G) and the groups which had no dementia as low score group (LS.G), high score group (HS.G), and healthy group (H.G), were examined.ResultsThe numbers of olfactory discriminating scores (nODS) were significantly lower in all the dementia groups than in all the LS.G, HS.G and the H.G. No significant difference was observed in nODS between AD.G and DLB.G. The rate of nODS with less than five scores were as follows: AD.G (80.1%), MixD.G (91.5%), VaD.G (63.1%), DLB.G (89.6%), LS.G (50.8%), HS.G (18.6%), H.G (15.6%). A significant positive correlation was found between nODS and Hasegawa Dementia Scale and Mini Mental State Examination scores (r = 0.567, r = 0.532, respectively), which was significant negatively correlated for Clinical Dementia Rating (r = −0.578). A significant negative correlation was observed between nODS and Z score of voxel‐based specific regional analysis for Z score of Alzheimer's disease (VSRAD) (r = 0.463).ConclusionnODS showed a significant correlation between cognitive function tests and brain atrophy level. These results indicate that UPSIT‐J is considered a psycho‐physiological index useful for the diagnosis and early detection of dementia.

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Olfactory function evaluation in a 1102 community-dwelling 20-90-year old Japanese population in relation with age, sex and mental decline

Cited by 5 publications

References 18 publications

Cognitive Function and Olfactory Impairment in Community-Dwelling Older Adults Attending a Salon

Cognitive Function and Olfactory Impairment in Community-Dwelling Older Adults Attending a Salon

Association between cognitive function and olfactory identification ability in community-dwelling older individuals

A characteristic of olfactory function in four types of dementia and non‐dementia subjects using smell identification test

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