Olfactory function in people with genetic risk of dementia

Salerno-Kennedy, Rossana; Cusack, Siobhán; Cashman, Kevin D.

doi:10.1007/bf03168982

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Despite the absence of a significant interaction with sex and APOE ε4 allele, the estimates and direction of risk were consistent with studies reporting stronger associations of impaired olfaction with cognitive impairment in APOE ε4 allele carriers than non-carriers. 4,16,48,49 Consistent with the present study, however, another study did not find a significant interaction of B-SIT score with APOE genotype. 5 …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Association Between Olfactory Dysfunction and Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer Disease Dementia

et al. 2016

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Association Between Olfactory Dysfunction and Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer Disease Dementia

et al. 2016

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“…It has long been recognized that olfaction is impaired in persons with clinically diagnosed AD 22–27 . Olfactory function is also impaired in MCI, 26–31 a precursor of AD, and in those with at least one copy of the apolipoprotein E ɛ4 allele, 28,32–34 a well established risk factor for AD. In previous research in this cohort, we showed that odor recognition performance predicted incidence of MCI and AD, rate of cognitive decline, and level of AD pathology on postmortem examination 4,5 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Olfactory Impairment in Presymptomatic Alzheimer's Disease

Wilson

Arnold

Schneider

et al. 2009

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

196

164

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Alzheimer's disease (AD) impairs olfaction, but it is uncertain how early this occurs in the disease process and whether the effect can be accounted for by other behavioral or genetic markers of the disease. We administered the Brief Smell Identification Test (BSIT) to 471 older people without dementia or cognitive impairment who then completed annual clinical evaluations and brain autopsy at death. BSIT score was associated with more rapid decline in episodic memory and with increased risk of developing incident mild cognitive impairment (MCI), even after controlling for baseline level of episodic memory and possession of an apolipoprotein E ε4 allele. In 34 people who died without evidence of cognitive impairment, lower BSIT score was associated with higher level of AD pathology, even after controlling for ε4 and for level of episodic memory function when olfaction was assessed. These analyses suggest that among older people without clinical manifestations of AD or MCI, olfactory dysfunction is related to both the level of AD pathology in the brain and the risk of subsequently developing prodromal symptoms of the disease and that these associations persist after accounting for the effects of other recognized behavioral and genetic markers of the disease.Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a leading cause of disability in old age, and the public health challenges posed by the disease are likely to increase in the coming decades with the aging of the United States population. Definitive classification of AD currently requires a brain autopsy, underscoring the need for biological or behavioral markers of the disease in the living. In particular, markers are needed to support early diagnosis because diseasemodifying therapeutic compounds for AD are under development, and it is generally assumed that such compounds will be most effective early in the disease course before pathology is widespread [1][2][3]. In addition to certain practical characteristic (i.e., reliable, non-invasive, simple to perform), the ideal biomarker should be related to AD neuropathology [1] in those with little or no clinical evidence of the disease. In view of the substantial clinical and neuropathologic heterogeneity of AD, accurate early diagnosis will most likely require the use of several markers in conjunction. In this context, therefore, markers that have little or no correlation with other markers will be most useful. In the present study, we focus on olfactory impairment as an early sign of AD. With clinical and neuropathologic data from the Rush Memory and Aging Project, we previously showed that difficulty identifying familiar odors predicted subsequent development of mild cognitive impairment, a precursor to dementia in AD [4], and was robustly correlated with level of AD pathology on postmortem examination [5]. Here, we conduct further analyses of individuals without dementia or MCI at study enrollment to test whether the association of olfactory dysfunction with AD is evident in this well functioning subgroup and whether it pe...

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Odor Perception and Neuropathology in Neurodegenerative Diseases and Schizophrenia

Doty

Hawkes

Good

et al. 2015

Handbook of Olfaction and Gustation

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Olfactory function in people with genetic risk of dementia

Abstract: Further investigation is required to explore the reasons for the higher prevalence of olfactory dysfunction in epsilon-4 allele positive subjects.

Cited by 6 publications

References 35 publications

Association Between Olfactory Dysfunction and Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer Disease Dementia

Association Between Olfactory Dysfunction and Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer Disease Dementia

Olfactory Impairment in Presymptomatic Alzheimer's Disease

Odor Perception and Neuropathology in Neurodegenerative Diseases and Schizophrenia

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