Olfactory responses ofTrichogramma maidis Pint, et Voeg.: Effects of chemical cues and behavioral plasticity

Kaiser, Laure; Pham-Delègue, M.H.; Bakchine, E.; Masson, C.

doi:10.1007/bf01065787

Cited by 74 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…host egg, and host pheromone odor, for example, only lasted for several minutes after an O experience in the presence of that odor combination (48).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hitch-hiking parasitic wasp learns to exploit butterfly antiaphrodisiac

Huigens

Pashalidou

Qian

et al. 2009

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Many insects possess a sexual communication system that is vulnerable to chemical espionage by parasitic wasps. We recently discovered that a hitch-hiking (H) egg parasitoid exploits the antiaphrodisiac pheromone benzyl cyanide (BC) of the Large Cabbage White butterfly Pieris brassicae. This pheromone is passed from male butterflies to females during mating to render them less attractive to conspecific males. When the tiny parasitic wasp Trichogramma brassicae detects the antiaphrodisiac, it rides on a mated female butterfly to a host plant and then parasitizes her freshly laid eggs. The present study demonstrates that a closely related generalist wasp, Trichogramma evanescens, exploits BC in a similar way, but only after learning. Interestingly, the wasp learns to associate an H response to the odors of a mated female P. brassicae butterfly with reinforcement by parasitizing freshly laid butterfly eggs. Behavioral assays, before which we specifically inhibited long-term memory (LTM) formation with a translation inhibitor, reveal that the wasp has formed protein synthesisdependent LTM at 24 h after learning. To our knowledge, the combination of associatively learning to exploit the sexual communication system of a host and the formation of protein synthesis-dependent LTM after a single learning event has not been documented before. We expect it to be widespread in nature, because it is highly adaptive in many species of egg parasitoids. Our finding of the exploitation of an antiaphrodisiac by multiple species of parasitic wasps suggests its use by Pieris butterflies to be under strong selective pressure.egg parasitoid ͉ memory ͉ phoresy ͉ Pieris ͉ Trichogramma

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“…host egg, and host pheromone odor, for example, only lasted for several minutes after an O experience in the presence of that odor combination (48).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hitch-hiking parasitic wasp learns to exploit butterfly antiaphrodisiac

Huigens

Pashalidou

Qian

et al. 2009

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…Responses to host plant odors in Trichogramma spp. are, unlike the responses to contact kairomones, influenced by oviposition experience (73).…”

Section: Vet and Dtckementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Habituation to synomones still unstudied. However, responses to synomones are often learned and waning of these learned responses (in the absence of the stimulus and of repeated reinforcement) has been demonstrated for several species and is probably common (35,73,78,174). Its function is probably similar habituation to kairomones, but at a higher foraging level--i.e, dispersal at the plant or plant community level.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecology of Infochemical Use by Natural Enemies in a Tritrophic Context

Vet¹,

Dicke²

1992

Annu. Rev. Entomol.

1,618

1,279

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KEY WORDS:predators, parasitoids, searching behavior, learning, evolutionary theory, integrated pest management PERSPECTIVES AND OVERVIEW Parasitoids and predators of herbivores have evolved and function within a multitrophic context. Consequently, their physiology and behavior are influenced by elements from other trophic levels such as their herbivore victim (second trophic level) and its plant food (first trophic level) (126). Natural enemies base their foraging decisions on information from these different trophic levels, and chemical information plays an important role. This review is restricted to the ecology of chemical information from the first and second trophic levels. The importance of so-called infochemicals, a subcategory of semiochemicals, in foraging by parasitoids and predators has been well documented (e.g. reviewed in 31,78,111,183,185), and we do not intend repeat the details. But because of a lack of testable hypotheses, all this research is conducted rather haphazardly: the total puzzle of infochemical use has not been solved for any natural enemy species. Here we approach the use of infochemicals by natural enemies from an evolutionary and ecological standpoint. Our basic concept is that information from the first and second trophic levels differs in availability and in reliability, a difference that shapes the way infochemicals are used by a species. We generate hypotheses on (a) 141

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“…Chemical espionage of host sex pheromones by egg parasitoids as indirect evidence of the local presence of host eggs is well documented by an increasingly available body of literature (Noldus, 1989;Godfray, 1994;Stowe et al, 1995;Smith, 1996;Powell, 1999;Fatouros et al, 2008). It is also documented that when an insect host employs a multicomponent pheromone system not all the components are required to elicit responses in parasitoids or the wasps respond only to the complete blend of calling moths (Noldus & van Lenteren, 1985;Kaiser et al, 1989;Frenoy et al, 1992). T. evanescens does not respond to (Z)-11-hexadecenyl acetate, the main component of the sex pheromone of Mamestra brassicae (Noldus & van Lenteren, 1985;Van de Veire & Dirinck, 1986).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…phoresy) (Clausen, 1976;Fatouros et al, 2008) and utilise plant cues after entering the habitat. In general, Trichogramma parasitoids are not able to use stimuli derived directly from their hosts because insect eggs do not emit long-range volatiles (Kaiser et al, 1989;Noldus, 1989). Consequently, they must rely on other information indicating the presence of host eggs on a plant, such as stimuli from the adult host and/or plant cues.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kairomonal effect of sex pheromone components of two lepidopteran olive pests on Trichogramma wasps

2009

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Kairomonal effect of sex pheromone components of two lepidopteran olive pests on Trichogramma wasps Abstract Egg parasitoids are known to use a wide range of chemicals, emitted by plants, host eggs or adults, for host selection. The effect of the sex pheromone components of the lepidopteran olive pests Prays oleae (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae) and Palpita unionalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) was studied under laboratory conditions, on the foraging behaviour of the egg parasitoid Trichogramma oleae (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae). The response of T. oleae wasps to (Z)-7-tetradecenal and (E)-11-hexadecenal, major sex pheromone components of P. oleae and P. unionalis respectively, depended on the dose of the pheromone used in a Y-tube olfactometer bioassay. (E)-11-hexadecenal elicited maximum attraction (70%) at a dose of 1 μg, while a dose of 100 μg (Z)-7-tetradecenal attracted 80% of the tested wasps. (E)-11-hexadecenyl acetate, the second sex pheromone component of P. unionalis, and the binary blend of (E)-11-hexadecenyl acetate: (E)-11-hexadecenal (7:3) were not attractive at these doses. The results of this research are discussed in view that they may be considered as alternatives in the biological control of these pests. Key words egg parasitoids, olive pest, semiochemicals, Y-tube olfactometer IntroductionParasitoids are confronted with many different semiochemicals of their hosts and plants during habitat location, host location and acceptance (Vinson, 1991). Many of them use semiochemicals emitted from their hosts, or their hosts' habitats, as cues to host location (Noldus, 1988;Noldus et al., 1991a;Godfray, 1994). Host semiochemicals, such as sex pheromones, chemicals produced by larval feeding activity, chemicals from larval frass or plant volatiles used by herbivore insects to locate their hosts, may serve as kairomonal or synomonal cues for parasitoids (Noldus, 1989;Hilker & Meiners, 1999;Abdelgader & Mazomenos, 2002;Romeis et al., 2005;Fatouros et al., 2008).Trichogramma parasitoids utilise sex pheromones from calling moths to locate their host (Noldus et al., 1985;Noldus, 1988;Frenoy et al., 1992;Colazza et al., 1997;Fiaboe et al., 2003). In addition, the egg itself can be a direct source of kairomones (Frenoy et al., 1992;Boo & Yang, 2000) and recently oviposition-inducing plant cues have been reported to arrest Trichogramma parasitoids (Fatouros et al., 2005). In a field experiment, Lewis et al. (1982) reported an increase of parasitism rate on Heliothis zea eggs by Trichogramma spp., on cotton plots treated with a synthetic pheromone blend of H. zea. In a laboratory experiment, T. pretiosum showed a positive behavioural response to the odour of calling H. zea virgin females (Noldus, 1989). Noldus et al. (1991b) showed that the airborne sex pheromone from a single female Mamestra brassicae moth can be absorbed on a Brussels spout leaf and subsequently elicit behavioural responses in conspecific male moths as well as in Trichogramma parasitoids. Additionally, T. chilonis females were attracted to sing...

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Olfactory responses ofTrichogramma maidis Pint, et Voeg.: Effects of chemical cues and behavioral plasticity

Cited by 74 publications

References 30 publications

Hitch-hiking parasitic wasp learns to exploit butterfly antiaphrodisiac

Hitch-hiking parasitic wasp learns to exploit butterfly antiaphrodisiac

Ecology of Infochemical Use by Natural Enemies in a Tritrophic Context

Kairomonal effect of sex pheromone components of two lepidopteran olive pests on Trichogramma wasps

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