Olfactory Stimulation by Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) Essential Oil Improves Lipid Metabolism and Metabolic Disorders in High Fat-Induced Obese Rats

Hong, Seong Jun; Yoon, Sojeong; Jo, Seong Min; Jeong, Hyangyeon; Youn, Moon Yeon; Kim, Young Jun; Kim, Jae Kyeom; Shin, Eui‐Cheol

doi:10.3390/nu14040741

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…According to the obtained results from this Parameters Groups study, it is concluded that Fennel 10% have the best effect in glucose lowering activity. These findings are comparable to Hong et al, (2022) who estimated the olfactory stimulation by fennel (Foeniculum vulgare, Mill) essential oil improves lipid metabolism and metabolic disorders in high fat-induced obese rats.…”

Section: Glucose Contentsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…The obtained results are comparable to El Rabey et al, (2013) who demonstrated that the mean values of serum triglycerides (s.TG) in the positive control 114.26 ± 1.67 mg/dL was significantly (𝑃𝑃≤0.001) higher than that of the negative control 93.34 ± 5.7 mg/dL (In the barley treated group, the mean values of the s.TG 62.06 ± 6.44 mg/dL was reduced significantly as compared to the positive control group 114.26 ± 1.67 mg/dL. The findings are compatible to Hong et al, (2022) they demonstrated that the TG level showed a significant increase in the positive control group 102.52 ± 3.14mg/dl as compared to the normal control group 94.20 ± 3.03 mg/dl. In addition, the TG level was decreased in the fennel seeds treated group 88.75 ± 2.02 mg/dl as compared to the positive control group 102.52 ± 3.14 mg/dl after 7 weeks of treatment.…”

Section: Serum Lipid Profilessupporting

confidence: 77%

“…In addition, the barley treated group had a significant (𝑃𝑃≤0.05) reduced mean values of the s.TC (73.64 ± 3.93 mg/dL) compared to that of the positive control 119.46 ± 1.10 mg/dL. The current study showed a compatible result to Hong et al, (2022) who demonstrated that the cholesterol (TC) level showed a significant (𝑃𝑃≤0.05) increase in the positive control group (131.45 ± 2.07 mg/dl) compared to the normal control group (128.91 ± 3.63 mg/dl). In addition, the TC level was decreased in the fennel seeds treated group (124.07 ± 4.05 mg/dl) compared to the positive control group (131.45 ± 2.07mg/dl) after 7 weeks of treatment.…”

Section: Serum Lipid Profilessupporting

confidence: 75%

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Studying the Effect of Fennel and Barley Seeds in Mitigation Kidney Disease of Rats

El-Sayed

Khafagy

Erakey

2023

Menoufia Journal of Food and Dairy Sciences

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This study aims to investigate the effect of fennel and barley seeds on 24 rats with inflicted kidneys weighing 150 ± 10g. Rats were fed on basal diet for 7 consecutive days on basal diet, then divided into 6 groups each of 4 rats. The first was negative control group fed on the basal diet, and the second was positive group injected with gentamicin (10 mg/kg body weight) twice a week for four weeks. As for the other groups, rats treated with 5%, 10%, fennel seeds (FS) and 5%, 10% barley seeds (BS). After twice a week for four weeks of the experiment, rats weight was measured, blood samples were taken for biochemical analysis. Fennel seeds (FS) 10% has best effect in lowering glucose, barley 10% improved enzyme activity Alanine transform (ALT) and fennel 5% improved high-density cholesterol (HDL-C). Barley seeds (BS) 10% has best effect on lowering triglycerides, barley 5% improved low-density lipoprotein and activity of creatinine and urea. Barley seeds (BS) 10% has best effect in lowering activity of total cholesterol and barley 5% acted better in decreasing activity of liver enzymes alkaline phosphatase and glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (ALP, AST). The histological investigation confirmed the fact that treatments with fennel and barley seeds mitigation the kidneys and livers diseases. Fennel and barley seeds has good effects on liver and kidney functions, glucose and lipid levels.

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Section: Glucose Contentsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Serum Lipid Profilessupporting

confidence: 77%

Section: Serum Lipid Profilessupporting

confidence: 75%

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Studying the Effect of Fennel and Barley Seeds in Mitigation Kidney Disease of Rats

El-Sayed

Khafagy

Erakey

2023

Menoufia Journal of Food and Dairy Sciences

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“…When fennel oil and CPZ were administered concurrently, the ACTH and cortisol levels in the sera were preserved. The precise mechanism of how the active ingredients of fennel oil affect plasma cortisol is still unknown (25) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochemical Study of The Ameliorative Influences of Fennel Oil against Cyproconazole-Induced Adrenal Gland Damage in Albino Rats

Yousef

Ramadan²,

Sakr³

et al. 2022

The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine

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Background: Cyproconazole (CPZ) is a triazole fungicide used to protect crops against a variety of fungal diseases. Objective: This investigation aimed to evaluate the probable protective benefits of fennel oil, a natural oil extracted from the plant Foeniculum Vulgare, against CPZ-induced adrenal gland injury in rats. Methods: Sixty male rats were allocated into: control, fennel oil, CPZ-low dose, CPZ-high dose, CPZ-low dose + fennel oil, and CPZ-high dose + fennel oil. After 15 days of daily treatment, serum levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), cortisol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), total cholesterol (TC), and free cholesterol (FC) were estimated. The adrenal gland tissues were also investigated to assess the amount of reduced glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), the efficacy of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), along with evaluating the status of DNA fragmentation using the Comet assay. Results: CPZ substantially induced damage in the adrenal gland, as evidenced by elevated serum levels of ACTH, TC, FC, and LDL-c as well as reduced serum levels of cortisol and HDL-c. Also, high levels of MDA, decreased GSH levels, and diminished activities of SOD, CAT, and GPx in adrenal gland tissues in CPZ-treated groups. Furthermore, CPZ caused DNA damage in adrenal gland cells. Fennel oil co-treatment reversed CPZ hazardous effects on the biochemical parameters and DNA damage. Conclusion: This study claimed that fennel oil co-treatment could ameliorate CPZ-induced adrenal gland injury in male rats.

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“…Stems and leaves were very rich in α-phellandrene (36.85% and 41.59%, respectively) and β-phellandrene (19.68% and 25.79%, respectively), whereas the main components of fruits were terpinolene (20.10%) and limonene (17.84%). Also, Hong et al [ 73 ] indicated that trans -anethole and fenchone had the highest and second-highest concentrations among fennel essential oil volatiles. To our knowledge, there has been no research on the bio-changes that occur in phyto-constitutes and volatiles during FS sprouting.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenolics and Volatile Compounds of Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) Seeds and Their Sprouts Prevent Oxidative DNA Damage and Ameliorates CCl4-Induced Hepatotoxicity and Oxidative Stress in Rats

et al. 2022

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Researchers recently focused on studying the nutritional and functional qualities of sprouts generated from seeds. The current study investigated the total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoids (TF), total flavonols (TFL), antioxidant activity (AOA), specific phenolic acids, and volatile chemicals in fennel seeds (FS) and fennel seed sprouts (FSS). The oxidative DNA damage prevention activity of selected FS and FSS extracts against DNA was examined. Consequently, the antioxidative stress potential of FS and FSS extracts at 300 and 600 mg kg−1 on CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity and oxidative stress in rats weas investigated. The liver’s functions and oxidative stress biomarkers in rat blood were examined. FSS exhibited rich phytochemical content such as TPC, TF, TFL, and AOA with altered phenolics and volatiles. HPLC identified nineteen compounds of phenolic acids and their derivatives in FS. Thirteen phenolics and six flavonoids were predominantly identified as Vanillic acid and Kaempferol, respectively. GC-MS analysis identified fifty and fifty-one components in FS and FSS, respectively. The predominant component was Benzene, [1-(2-propenyloxy)-3-butenyl] (trans-Anethole) (38.41%), followed by trans-Anethole (Benzene, 1-methoxy-4-(2-propenyl)) (23.65%), Fenchone (11.18%), and 1,7-Octadiene, 2-methyl-6-methylene- Cyclohexene (7.17%). Interestingly, α-Pinene, Fenchone, trans-Anethole (Benzene, 1-methoxy-4-(2-propenyl)), 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde (4-Anisaldehyde), Benzeneacetic acid, α-hydroxy-4-methoxy, and Nonacosane contents were increased. While Dillapiole, 7-Octadecenoic acid, and methyl ester were newly identified and quantified in FSS. The oxidative DNA damage prevention capability of FSS and FS extracts indicated remarkable DNA protection. Administrating FS and FSS extracts at 300 and 600 mg kg−1 ameliorated AST, ALT, and ALP, as well as GSH, CAT, MDA, and SOD, in a dose-dependent manner. The most efficient treatment of FS or FSS was using a dose of 600 mg Kg−1, which recorded an improvement rate of 20.77 and 24.17, 20.36 and 24.92, and 37.49 and 37.90% for ALT, AST, and ALP, respectively. While an improvement rate of 40.08 and 37.87%, 37.17 and 46.52%, 114.56 and 154.13%, and 66.05 and 69.69% for GSH, DMA, CAT, and SOD compared to the CCl4-group, respectively. The observed protection is associated with increased phenolics and volatiles in F. vulgare. Therefore, FS and FSS are recommended as functional foods with bioactive functionality, health-promoting properties, and desired prevention capabilities that may help prevent oxidative stress-related diseases.

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Olfactory Stimulation by Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) Essential Oil Improves Lipid Metabolism and Metabolic Disorders in High Fat-Induced Obese Rats

Cited by 9 publications

References 29 publications

Studying the Effect of Fennel and Barley Seeds in Mitigation Kidney Disease of Rats

Studying the Effect of Fennel and Barley Seeds in Mitigation Kidney Disease of Rats

Biochemical Study of The Ameliorative Influences of Fennel Oil against Cyproconazole-Induced Adrenal Gland Damage in Albino Rats

Phenolics and Volatile Compounds of Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) Seeds and Their Sprouts Prevent Oxidative DNA Damage and Ameliorates CCl4-Induced Hepatotoxicity and Oxidative Stress in Rats

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