Oligosaccharides in Colostrum of Italian and Burkinabe Women

Musumeci, Maria; Simporé, Jacques; D'Agata, Antonio; Sotgiu, Stefano; Musumeci, Salvatore

doi:10.1097/01.mpg.0000228125.70971.af

Cited by 49 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Characterization of HMO has been accomplished using HPAEC and HPLC in combination with derivatization techniques [4,[21][22][23][24]. The identification of HMOs was based on the retention time of commercially available milk oligosaccharide standards and their quantification was relative to the amount of standards.…”

Section: Milk Oligosaccharidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Milk Oligosaccharides: Evolution, Structures and Bioselectivity as Substrates for Intestinal Bacteria

German

Freeman

Lebrilla

et al. 2008

Nestlé Nutrition Workshop Series: Pediatric Program

201

170

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Human milk contains a high concentration of diverse soluble oligosaccharides, carbohydrate polymers formed from a small number of monosaccharides. Novel methods combining liquid chromatography with high resolution mass spectrometry have identified approximately 200 unique oligosaccharides structures varying from 3 to 22 sugars. The increasing complexity of oligosaccharides follows the general pattern of mammalian evolution though the concentration and diversity of these structures in homo sapiens are strikingly. There is also diversity among human mothers in oligosaccharides. Milks from randomly selected mothers contain as few as 23 and as many as 130 different oligosaccharides. The functional implications of this diversity are not known. Despite the role of milk to serve as a sole nutrient source for mammalian infants, the oligosaccharides in milk are not digestible by human infants. This apparent paradox raises questions about the functions of these oligosaccharides and how their diverse molecular structures affect their functions. The nutritional function most attributed to milk oligosaccharides is to serve as prebiotics -a form of indigestible carbohydrate that is selectively fermented by desirable gut microflora. This function was tested by purifying human milk oligosaccharides and providing these as the sole carbon source to various intestinal bacteria. Indeed, the selectively of providing the complex mixture of oligosaccharides pooled from human milk samples is remarkable. Among a variety of Bifidobacteria tested only Bifidobacteria longum biovar infantis was able to grow extensively on human milk oligosaccharides as sole carbon source. The genomic sequence of this strain revealed approximately 700 genes that are unique to infantis, including a variety of co-regulated glycosidases, relative to other Bifidobacteria, implying a co-evolution of human milk oligosaccharides and the genetic capability of select intestinal bacteria to utilize them. The goal of ongoing research is to assign specific functions to the combined oligosaccharide-bacteria-host interactions that emerged from this evolutionary pressure.

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Section: Milk Oligosaccharidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Milk Oligosaccharides: Evolution, Structures and Bioselectivity as Substrates for Intestinal Bacteria

German

Freeman

Lebrilla

et al. 2008

Nestlé Nutrition Workshop Series: Pediatric Program

201

170

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“…Several methods for the separation and quantification of neutral compounds in human milk have been described, including high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) [12][13][14][15] and capillary electrophoresis (CE) of derivatized HMOS [16], and HPLC with high pH amperometric detection of underivatized HMOS [17]. Acidic oligosaccharides have been resolved by anion exchange HPLC of radiolabelled derivatives [18], derivatization of the oligosaccharides followed by ion exchange LC with absorption at 200 nm [19] and capillary electrophoresis of fluorescent derivatives [20,21].…”

Section: Introductory Statementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous quantification of sialyloligosaccharides from human milk by capillary electrophoresis

Bao

Zhu

Newburg

2007

Analytical Biochemistry

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The acidic oligosaccharides of human milk are predominantly sialyloligosaccharides. Pathogens that bind sialic acid-containing glycans on their host mucosal surfaces may be inhibited by human milk sialyloligosaccharides, but testing this hypothesis requires their reliable quantification in milk. Sialyloligosaccharides have been quantified by anion exchange HPLC, reverse or normal phase HPLC, and capillary electrophoresis (CE) of fluorescent derivatives; in milk, these oligosaccharides have been analyzed by high pH anion exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection, and, in our laboratory, by CE with detection at 205 nm. The novel method described herein uses a running buffer of aqueous 200 mM NaH 2 PO 4 at pH 7.05 containing 100 mM SDS made 45% (v/v) with methanol to baseline resolve five oligosaccharides, and separate all 12. This allows automated simultaneous quantification of the 12 major sialyloligosaccharides of human milk in a single 35-minute run. This method revealed differences in sialyloligosaccharide concentrations between less and more mature milk from the same donors. Individual donors also varied in expression of sialyloligosaccharides in their milk. Thus, the facile quantification of sialyloligosaccharides by this method is suitable for measuring variation in expression of specific sialyloligosaccharides in milk and their relationship to decreased risk of specific diseases in infants. Keywordshuman milk oligosaccharides; sialyloligosaccharides; capillary electrophoresis INTRODUCTORY STATEMENTHuman milk contains a large number of compounds that provide nutritional support and contribute toward defense of the newborn. Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOS), a principal component of human milk, are found in concentrations of 6 to 12 g/L, and these oligosaccharides vary in size, structure, and abundance [1]. The oligosaccharides of milks from other species vary widely, and the composition of oligosaccharides from human milk is unique [2].HMOS play a potentially protective role to nursing infants. Breastfed infants have a different microbiota than infants fed artificially, and human milk glycans are thought to act as prebiotics that promote the growth of Bifidobacterium bifidus [3]. Breast-fed infants have fewer or less severe gastrointestinal and respiratory infections during the first year of life than formula-fed

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“…The applicant indicated that the content of 2'-FL in colostrum ranged from 1 120 to 4 900 mg/L (Musumeci et al, 2006;Bao et al, 2013); however, concentrations of 8 400 mg/L have also been reported from secretor phenotype mothers (Musumeci et al, 2006).…”

Section: Safety Of 2'-o-fucosyllactosementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The applicant provided several publications on the 2'-FL content in human milk in relation to secretorand Lewis-blood group status (Thurl et al, 1997;Galeotti et al, 2012Galeotti et al, , 2014, ethnicity (Erney et al, 2000;Musumeci et al, 2006), lactation period (Coppa et al, 1999;Erney et al, 2000;Sumiyoshi et al, 2003;Asakuma et al, 2008;Leo et al, 2010;Bao et al, 2013), preterm birth (Nakhla et al, 1999;Gabrielli et al, 2011), and in mature milk (Chaturvedi et al, 1997(Chaturvedi et al, , 2001aErney et al, 2000Erney et al, , 2001Sumiyoshi et al, 2003;Morrow et al, 2004;Leo et al, 2010;Thurl et al, 2010;Asakuma et al, 2011;Coppa et al, 2011;Galeotti et al, 2012;Smilowitz et al, 2013;Hong et al, 2014). The concentration of 2'-FL in breast milk appears to depend on the lactation period, with higher levels reported in colostrum and decreased levels observed thereafter (Erney et al, 2000).…”

Section: Safety Of 2'-o-fucosyllactosementioning

confidence: 99%

“…2'-FL is one of the naturally occurring fucosylated oligosaccharides that are present in human milk (Erney et al, 2000;Chaturvedi et al, 2001a;Musumeci et al, 2006;Asakuma et al, 2008;CastanysMuñoz et al, 2013). However, 2'-FL is not detected in the milk of women (approximately 20 % of women) who do not express a specific enzyme, α-1,2-fucosyltransferase, in their mammary glands, which is responsible for fucosylating lactose at the 2'-O-position.…”

Section: Safety Of 2'-o-fucosyllactosementioning

confidence: 99%

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Safety of 2′‐O‐fucosyllactose as a novel food ingredient pursuant to Regulation (EC) No 258/97

Products¹

2015

EFS2

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Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA) was asked to deliver an opinion on 2'-O-fucosyllactose as a novel food ingredient (NFI) submitted pursuant to Regulation (EC) No 258/97 of the European Parliament and of the Council, taking into account the comments and objections of a scientific nature raised by Member States. 2'-O-fucosyllactose (2'-FL) is a synthetic trisaccharide, which is intended to be used in infant and follow-on formulae, foods for special medical purposes for infants and young children, and other foods for infants and young children, as well as in foods or food supplements for adults. The information provided on the potential mutagenicity of 2'-FL does not raise safety concerns as regards the genotoxicity of this NFI. Based on the observations from a sub-chronic 90-day toxicity study in rats, the Panel considers that the no observed adverse effect level is 2 000 mg/kg body weight per day. The applicant provided a double-blind, randomised, controlled clinical trial on the effects of 2'-FL consumed in combination with another oligosaccharide (lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnT)) in infants. The Panel concludes that 2'-FL is safe for infants (up to one year of age) when added to infant and follow-on formulae, in combination with LNnT, at concentrations up to 1.2 g/L of 2'-FL and up to 0.6 g/L of LNnT, at a ratio of 2:1 in the reconstituted formulae; is safe for young children (older than one year of age) when added to follow-on and young-child formulae, at concentrations up to 1.2 g/L of 2'-FL (alone or in combination with LNnT, at concentrations up to 0.6 g/L, at a ratio of 2:1). The Panel also concludes that 2'-FL is safe when added to other foods at the uses and use levels proposed by the applicant.

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Oligosaccharides in Colostrum of Italian and Burkinabe Women

Cited by 49 publications

References 29 publications

Human Milk Oligosaccharides: Evolution, Structures and Bioselectivity as Substrates for Intestinal Bacteria

Human Milk Oligosaccharides: Evolution, Structures and Bioselectivity as Substrates for Intestinal Bacteria

Simultaneous quantification of sialyloligosaccharides from human milk by capillary electrophoresis

Safety of 2′‐O‐fucosyllactose as a novel food ingredient pursuant to Regulation (EC) No 258/97

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