Olistostromes and olistoliths

Abbate, Ernesto; Bortolotti, Valerio; Passerini, Pietro

doi:10.1016/0037-0738(70)90022-9

Cited by 130 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The ref er ence list from this area would be very long, but cer tainly it should con tain the milestone pa pers by Abbate et al (1970), Elter and Trevisan (1973), Naylor (1981) and Pini (1999).…”

Section: Mass-transport Deposits As Vestiges Of Ancient Plate Marginsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Jurassic syn-rift and Cretaceous syn-orogenic, coarse-grained deposits related to opening and closure of the Vahic (South Penninic) Ocean in the Western Carpathians – an overview

Plašienka

2012

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Al though no un doubted oce anic crustal rock com plexes of Penninic af fin ity par tic i pate in the pres ent sur face struc ture of the West ern Carpathians, in di rect lines of ev i dence sug gest pro lon ga tion of the South Penninic-Vahic oce anic tract into the an cient Carpathians. The sed i men tary re cord of both the syn-rift and syn-orogenic clastic de pos its re veal their or i gin be tween the outer Tatric (Austroalpine) and the in ner Oravic (Mid dle Penninic) mar gins. The rift ing re gime is ex em pli fied by the nor mal fault-re lated scarp brec cias of the Ju ras sic Borinka Unit in the Malé Karpaty Mts., which are char ac ter ized by lo cal, grad u ally de nuded source ar eas. Two other re gions pro vide exam ples of a contractional re gime, both re lated to short en ing and clo sure of the Vahic oce anic do main. The Belice Unit in the Považský Inovec Mts. in cludes Up per Ju ras sic-Lower Cre ta ceous eupelagic, mostly si li ceous de pos its and a thick en ing-up wards Senonian sequence of turbiditic sand stones, con glom er ates and cha otic brec cias. It is in ferred that this suc ces sion rep re sents the sed i men tary cover of oce anic crust ap proach ing a trench, its in cor po ra tion in the accretionary com plex and fi nally underthrusting be low the outer Tatric mar gin. In the Oravic units of the Pieniny Klippen Belt, deep-ma rine con glom er ate/brec cia bod ies with olistoliths in di cate col li sion-related thrust stack ing that started from the Maastrichtian (Gregorianka Brec cia of the Sub-Pieniny Unit) and ter mi nated with the Lower Eocene Milpoš Brec cia in the Šariš Unit. In ad di tion, a ten ta tive re cy cling scheme of "ex otic" clastic ma te rial from mid-Cre ta ceous conglom er ates of the Klape Unit to var i ous Klippen Belt units is out lined. This ma te rial is con sid ered to be un re lated to the Vahic oce anic realm and its clo sure, and likely rep re sents ero sional prod ucts of more dis tant orogenic zones. Dušan Plašienka, De part ment of Ge ol ogy and Palae on tol ogy, Fac ulty of Nat u ral Sci ences, Comenius Uni ver sity,

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Section: Mass-transport Deposits As Vestiges Of Ancient Plate Marginsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Jurassic syn-rift and Cretaceous syn-orogenic, coarse-grained deposits related to opening and closure of the Vahic (South Penninic) Ocean in the Western Carpathians – an overview

Plašienka

2012

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“…More recent studies imply that the strata involved in MVism dates back as far as Upper Cretaceous [Abbate et al, 1970]. These deposits are part of a prealpine accretionary wedge that was thrust beneath the Eurasian Plate during orogenesis [Di Giulio, 1992].…”

Section: A18 Western Alps and Apennines/italymentioning

confidence: 99%

Significance of Mud Volcanism

Kopf

2002

Reviews of Geophysics

747

646

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Mud volcanism and diapirism have puzzled geoscientists for ∼2 centuries. They have been described onshore and offshore in many places on Earth, and although they occur in various tectonic settings, the majority of the features known to date are located in compressional tectonic scenarios. This paper summarizes the main thrusts in mud volcano research as well as the various regions in which mud volcanism has been described. Mud volcanoes show variable geometry (up to tens of kilometers in diameter and several hundred meters in height) and a great diversity regarding the origin of the fluid and solid phases. Gas (predominantly methane), water, and mud may be mobilized at subbottom depth of only a few meters but, in places, can originate from several kilometers depth (with minor crustal or mantle input). The possible contribution of mud extrusion to global budgets, both from quiescent fluid emission and from the extrusive processes themselves, is important. In regions where mud volcanoes are abundant, such as the collision zones between Africa and Eurasia, fluid flux through mud extrusion exceeds the compaction‐driven pore fluid expulsion of the accretionary wedge. Also, quiescent degassing of mud volcanoes may contribute significantly to volatile budgets and, hence, to greenhouse climate.

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“…The size of olistoliths may range from pebble, boulder to megablocks of several cubic kilometers. The original idea was refined by further workers and evolved into a generally accepted concept of a mapable unit, composed of mainly chaotic sediments, which are often lithologically heterogeneous, rest upon and are intercalated within the "normal" strata deposited in the sedimentary basin [3,4,5,6,7,8]. Olistostromes reflect mass-wasting processes and gravity-induced emplacement of unsorted sediments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%