Omega 3 fatty acids for the treatment of dementia

Burckhardt, Marion; Herke, Max; Wustmann, Tobias; Watzke, Stefan; Langer, Gero; Fink, Astrid

doi:10.1002/14651858.cd009002.pub2

Cited by 31 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids or docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) has also been suggested in preventing cognitive decline or reducing the risk of AD, which may be due to their anti-inflammatory effects. Evidence from RCTs suggests that supplementation does not significantly benefit participants with AD but may improve certain cognitive domains in mild cognitive impairment [61,62,63,64]. The finding that aspirin enhances conversion of DHA to neuroprotective compounds such as neuropotectin D1 may mean that a combination of aspirin and DHA provides further cognitive benefits [65].…”

Section: Nsaids: Evidence From Clinical Trialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Targeting neuroinflammation in Alzheimer’s disease: evidence for NSAIDs and novel therapeutics

Deardorff

Grossberg

2016

Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics

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There is an increasing recognition of the immune system as an important mediator in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). As immune system modulators, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) garnered initial enthusiasm from pre-clinical and epidemiologic studies as agents to reduce the risk of AD. Areas covered: This article will examine the evidence for the use of NSAIDs in AD by discussing the proposed mechanism of action, results from epidemiologic studies, and data from randomized controlled trials. In addition, a survey of several novel approaches to targeting inflammatory pathways currently in pre-clinical and clinical phases of development is presented. These agents primarily act to modulate microglial functioning, enhance amyloid-β phagocytosis, suppress potentially harmful pro-inflammatory responses, or enhance systemic immunity. Expert commentary: While long-term use of NSAIDs is associated with a reduced incidence of AD in epidemiologic studies, randomized controlled trials have not replicated these findings. Thus, NSAID use cannot currently be recommended either for primary prevention or treatment of AD. However, the available evidence does suggest that cognitively normal patients taking long-term courses of NSAIDs for other indications likely have a decreased risk of AD, which represents an important finding given the high prevalence of NSAID use among older adults.

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Section: Nsaids: Evidence From Clinical Trialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Targeting neuroinflammation in Alzheimer’s disease: evidence for NSAIDs and novel therapeutics

Deardorff

Grossberg

2016

Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics

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“…The most common omega-3 PUFA are eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and alpha-linolenic acid (ALA). Whereas algae and oils from fish such as salmon, mackerel, and herring are rich in EPA and DHA, ALA is found in vegetable oils such as canola, flax seed oil, soybean oil, and nuts such as walnuts [19]. Soy proteins (SP) are found in soybean legume containing all 8 essential amino acids and very low saturated fat [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Soy proteins (SP) are found in soybean legume containing all 8 essential amino acids and very low saturated fat [20]. In recent times, both omega-3 PUFA and SP have received increased attention due to their beneficial effects against cardiovascular disease, obesity, type 2 diabetes, and certain cancers, among others [19, 21, 22]. Low omega 3 fatty acids (low- ω 3FA) are known to have lipid lowering effects in humans [23] while SP lowers plasma and liver cholesterol and triglycerides in both animals and humans [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low‐ω3 Fatty Acid and Soy Protein Attenuate Alcohol‐Induced Fatty Liver and Injury by Regulating the Opposing Lipid Oxidation and Lipogenic Signaling Pathways

Reyes‐Gordillo

Shah

Varatharajalu

et al. 2016

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

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Chronic ethanol-induced downregulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC1α) and upregulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-beta (PGC1β) affect hepatic lipid oxidation and lipogenesis, respectively, leading to fatty liver injury. Low-ω3 fatty acid (Low-ω3FA) that primarily regulates PGC1α and soy protein (SP) that seems to have its major regulatory effect on PGC1β were evaluated for their protective effects against ethanol-induced hepatosteatosis in rats fed with Lieber-deCarli control or ethanol liquid diets with high or low ω3FA fish oil and soy protein. Low-ω3FA and SP opposed the actions of chronic ethanol by reducing serum and liver lipids with concomitant decreased fatty liver. They also prevented the downregulation of hepatic Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and PGC1α and their target fatty acid oxidation pathway genes and attenuated the upregulation of hepatic PGC1β and sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (SREBP1c) and their target lipogenic pathway genes via the phosphorylation of 5′ adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Thus, these two novel modulators attenuate ethanol-induced hepatosteatosis and consequent liver injury potentially by regulating the two opposing lipid oxidation and lipogenic pathways.

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“…In relation to the role of omega-3 PUFAs, the evidence suggests that they provide protective effects in cognitively impaired individuals but not in the treatment of people with existing dementia (37,38) . Key nutrients considered to protect cognitive function are omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), polyphenols, vitamin D and B-vitamins.…”

Section: The Role Of Nutrition In Cognitive Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Key nutrients considered to protect cognitive function are omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), polyphenols, vitamin D and B-vitamins. In relation to the role of omega-3 PUFAs, the evidence suggests that they provide protective effects in cognitively impaired individuals but not in the treatment of people with existing dementia (37,38) . The most convincing evidence in relation to polyphenols comes from a 3-month intervention study showing significant increases in cerebral blood volume in the dentate gyrus as measured by functional MRI in response to a high flavanol treatment (39) .…”

Section: The Role Of Nutrition In Cognitive Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A holistic approach to healthy ageing: how can people live longer, healthier lives?

Calder

Carding

Christopher

et al. 2018

J Human Nutrition Diet

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Omega 3 fatty acids for the treatment of dementia

Cited by 31 publications

References 36 publications

Targeting neuroinflammation in Alzheimer’s disease: evidence for NSAIDs and novel therapeutics

Targeting neuroinflammation in Alzheimer’s disease: evidence for NSAIDs and novel therapeutics

Low‐ω3 Fatty Acid and Soy Protein Attenuate Alcohol‐Induced Fatty Liver and Injury by Regulating the Opposing Lipid Oxidation and Lipogenic Signaling Pathways

A holistic approach to healthy ageing: how can people live longer, healthier lives?

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