Omega‐6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, serum zinc, delta‐5‐ and delta‐6‐desaturase activities and incident metabolic syndrome

Yary, Teymoor; Voutilainen, Sari; Tuomainen, Tomi‐Pekka; Ruusunen, Anu; Nurmi, Tarja; Virtanen, Jyrki K.

doi:10.1111/jhn.12437

Cited by 41 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…One of the studies found an inverse association between serum total n-6 PUFAs and incident MetS among 665 Finnish men and women (10). Similar associations were also observed in another study that consisted of 661 middle-aged Finnish men (29). In addition, increased circulating levels of total n-6 PUFAs were associated with decreased incidence of type 2 diabetes or CHD in several European studies (30,31).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

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Erythrocyte PUFAs, circulating acylcarnitines, and metabolic syndrome risk: a prospective study in Chinese

Sun

et al. 2019

Journal of Lipid Research

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

“…Notably, existing results regarding the associations of specific n-6 PUFAs with cardiometabolic diseases remain controversial among individual studies. For instance, Yary et al (29) found that both serum 18:2n-6 and 20:4n-6 were inversely associated with future MetS risk in Finnish men.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Erythrocyte PUFAs, circulating acylcarnitines, and metabolic syndrome risk: a prospective study in Chinese

Sun

et al. 2019

Journal of Lipid Research

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“…Plasma phospholipid levels of C20:3n-6 were also positively associated with BMI in participants from the USA and Mexico. 13,17 There was, however, also a longitudinal study that found higher total circulating n-6 PUFAs, in particular linoleic acid and arachidonic acid, to be protective of risk factors for the MetS, including both systolic and diastolic BP and plasma triglycerides in men, 24 indicating that different n-6 FAs showed opposite associations with the MetS. The association of C20:3n-6 with the MetS requires further investigation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…17 Some studies also report positive associations of specific plasma phospholipids n-6 PUFAs with metabolic risk, 18,22 while other studies report inverse associations of total n-6 PUFAs in erythrocytes and serum, respectively, with the MetS. 23,24 Due to inconsistent results in different studies relating to circulating n-6 PUFAs, further research to understand their role in association with obesity and the MetS is highly recommended. 25 Since people consume food rather than individual nutrients, it is difficult to isolate the individual nutrients in the diet and link them to disease and health.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma phospholipid fatty acid patterns are associated with adiposity and the metabolic syndrome in black South Africans: a cross-sectional study

Ojwang

Kruger

Zec

et al. 2019

CVJA

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Background: Diets rich in n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and saturated fatty acids (SFA) have been associated with increased risk of obesity and the metabolic syndrome (MetS), but the evidence is inconsistent, whereas diets high in n-3 long-chain (LC)-PUFAs are associated with lower risk. There is limited information about the association of plasma phospholipid fatty acids (FAs) with obesity and the MetS among black South Africans. Objective: To investigate the association of dietary FAs and plasma phospholipid FA patterns, respectively, with measures of adiposity (body mass index, waist circumference, waist-toheight ratio) and the MetS in black South Africans. Methods: Factor analysis was used to identify FA patterns from 11 dietary FAs and 26 individual plasma phospholipid FAs. Cross-sectional association of the identified patterns with measures of adiposity and the MetS was investigated. A random sample of 711 black South African adults aged 30 to 70 years (273 men, 438 women) from the North West Province was selected from the South African leg of the Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study. Sequential regression models adjusted for confounders were applied to investigate the association between dietary FAs and plasma phospholipid FA patterns with measures of adiposity and the MetS. Results: Two patterns were derived from dietary FAs and six patterns from plasma phospholipid FAs that explained the cumulative variance of 89 and 73%, respectively. The association of FA patterns with adiposity and the MetS was weaker for dietary FA patterns than for plasma phospholipid FA patterns. The plasma phospholipid FA pattern with high loadings of saturated FAs (high-Satfat) and another with high loadings of n-3 very-long-chain PUFAs (n-3 VLC-PUFAs) were positively associated with measures of adiposity and the MetS, while patterns with positive loadings of LC monounsaturated fatty acids (n-9 LC-MUFA) and a positive loading of n-3 essential FAs (n-3 EFA) showed inverse associations with the MetS and some measures of adiposity. Conclusions: The n-9 LC-MUFA and n-3 EFA patterns seemed to provide possible protective associations with adiposity and the MetS, whereas the high-Satfat and n-3 VLC-PUFA patterns were associated with adiposity and the MetS in our study participants. The results are reflective of the metabolic difference between overweight and obese compared to lean individuals.

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“…Large scale studies in human populations, however, are challenging this argument and demonstrating potential beneficial roles of omega-6 fatty acids, including arachidonic acid, which has both pro-inflammatory and antiinflammatory properties [28]. A prospective study with 661 older men followed over ten years showed that higher serum omega-6 fatty acids, including arachidonic acid, resulted in a lower risk of developing metabolic syndrome [29]. Pooled analysis from 39,740 adults in 20 prospective cohort studies assessed the role of omega-6 fatty acids in the development of type 2 diabetes and concluded that arachidonic acid was not harmful [30].…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

Modified fish diet shifted serum metabolome and alleviated chronic anemia in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus): Potential role of odd-chain saturated fatty acids

et al. 2020

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Bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) are long-lived mammals that can develop chronic aging-associated conditions similar to humans, including metabolic syndrome. Initial studies suggest that these conditions may be attenuated in dolphins using a modified fish diet. Serum metabolomics, fatty acid panels, and blood-based health indices were compared between 20 dolphins on a modified, 50% wild-type diet (50% mullet, 25% capelin, and 25% squid and/or herring) and 10 dolphins on a baseline diet (75% capelin and 25% squid and/or herring). Blood samples were collected at Months 0, 1, 3 and 6. Dolphins on the modified diet had lower insulin (7.5 ± 4.0 and 14.8 ± 14.0 μIU/ml, P = 0.039), lower cholesterol (160 ± 26 and 186 ± 24 mg/dl, P = 0.015) and higher hematocrit (46 ± 3 and 44 ± 3%, P = 0.043) by Month 1 compared to controls. Dolphins with anemia (hemoglobin � 12.5 g/dl, n = 6) or lownormal hemoglobin (12.5-13.5 g/dl, n = 3) before placed on the modified diet had normal hemoglobin concentrations (> 13.5 g/dl) by Month 3. The modified diet caused a significant shift in the metabolome, which included 664 known metabolites. Thirty prioritized metabolites at Months 1 and 3 were 100% predictive of dolphins on the modified diet. Among 25 prioritized lipids, 10 (40%) contained odd-chain saturated fatty acids (OCFAs); C15:0 was the highest-prioritized OCFA. Increased dietary intake of C15:0 (from 1.3 ± 0.4 to 4.5 ± 1.1 g/ day) resulted in increased erythrocyte C15:0 concentrations (from 1.5 ± 0.3 to 5.8 ± 0.8 μg/ ml, P < 0.0001), which independently predicted raised hemoglobin. Further, increasing age was associated with declining serum C15:0 (R 2 = 0.14, P = 0.04). While higher circulating OCFAs have been previously associated with lower risks of cardiometabolic diseases in humans, further studies are warranted to assess potential active roles of OCFAs, including C15:0, in attenuating anemia.

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Omega‐6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, serum zinc, delta‐5‐ and delta‐6‐desaturase activities and incident metabolic syndrome

Abstract: Higher serum total n-6 PUFA, linoleic acid and arachidonic acid concentrations and D5D activity were associated with a lower risk of developing metabolic syndrome and higher D6D activity was associated with a higher risk. The role of zinc also needs to be investigated in other populations.

Cited by 41 publications

References 32 publications

Erythrocyte PUFAs, circulating acylcarnitines, and metabolic syndrome risk: a prospective study in Chinese

Erythrocyte PUFAs, circulating acylcarnitines, and metabolic syndrome risk: a prospective study in Chinese

Plasma phospholipid fatty acid patterns are associated with adiposity and the metabolic syndrome in black South Africans: a cross-sectional study

Modified fish diet shifted serum metabolome and alleviated chronic anemia in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus): Potential role of odd-chain saturated fatty acids

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