On a Chip

Watkins, Nicholas N.; Irimia, Daniel; Toner, Mehmet; Bashir, Rashid

doi:10.1109/mpul.2011.942762

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…As a result, immunoaffinity studies of exosomes are becoming attractive, and IACE can be an ideal platform to be used for such applications in research and in clinical diagnosis. In fact, a few laboratories are already combining immunoaffinity and microfluidic system approaches for more efficient exosome collection [ 235 , 236 , 237 , 238 , 239 ].…”

Section: The Potential Use Of Iace For Extracellular Vesicle Studimentioning

confidence: 99%

A Two-Dimensional Affinity Capture and Separation Mini-Platform for the Isolation, Enrichment, and Quantification of Biomarkers and Its Potential Use for Liquid Biopsy

Guzman¹,

Guzman

2020

Biomedicines

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Biomarker detection for disease diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic response is becoming increasingly reliable and accessible. Particularly, the identification of circulating cell-free chemical and biochemical substances, cellular and subcellular entities, and extracellular vesicles has demonstrated promising applications in understanding the physiologic and pathologic conditions of an individual. Traditionally, tissue biopsy has been the gold standard for the diagnosis of many diseases, especially cancer. More recently, liquid biopsy for biomarker detection has emerged as a non-invasive or minimally invasive and less costly method for diagnosis of both cancerous and non-cancerous diseases, while also offering information on the progression or improvement of disease. Unfortunately, the standardization of analytical methods to isolate and quantify circulating cells and extracellular vesicles, as well as their extracted biochemical constituents, is still cumbersome, time-consuming, and expensive. To address these limitations, we have developed a prototype of a portable, miniaturized instrument that uses immunoaffinity capillary electrophoresis (IACE) to isolate, concentrate, and analyze cell-free biomarkers and/or tissue or cell extracts present in biological fluids. Isolation and concentration of analytes is accomplished through binding to one or more biorecognition affinity ligands immobilized to a solid support, while separation and analysis are achieved by high-resolution capillary electrophoresis (CE) coupled to one or more detectors. When compared to other existing methods, the process of this affinity capture, enrichment, release, and separation of one or a panel of biomarkers can be carried out on-line with the advantages of being rapid, automated, and cost-effective. Additionally, it has the potential to demonstrate high analytical sensitivity, specificity, and selectivity. As the potential of liquid biopsy grows, so too does the demand for technical advances. In this review, we therefore discuss applications and limitations of liquid biopsy and hope to introduce the idea that our affinity capture-separation device could be used as a form of point-of-care (POC) diagnostic technology to isolate, concentrate, and analyze circulating cells, extracellular vesicles, and viruses.

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Section: The Potential Use Of Iace For Extracellular Vesicle Studimentioning

confidence: 99%

A Two-Dimensional Affinity Capture and Separation Mini-Platform for the Isolation, Enrichment, and Quantification of Biomarkers and Its Potential Use for Liquid Biopsy

Guzman¹,

Guzman

2020

Biomedicines

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“…The technologies for fabrication of soft polymers such as PDMS, hydrogels, and biomaterials can especially have major implications in the development of biological machines. BioMEMS (bio-Micro Electro Mechanical Systems) and Microfluidic devices are being used a point of care devices 41 , in-vitro cell culture devices for drug screening, and implantable hybrid devices for innovative solutions to organic-inorganic interfaces 22 . 3-D fabrication and printing of cells and polymer scaffolds can be used to place cells with spatial control on or in scaffolds to realize new physical designs for biological machines.…”

Section: B the Foundational Disciplinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Creating Living Cellular Machines

2013

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Development of increasingly complex integrated cellular systems will be a major challenge for the next decade and beyond, as we apply the knowledge gained from the sub-disciplines of tissue engineering, synthetic biology, micro-fabrication and nanotechnology, systems biology, and developmental biology. In this prospective, we describe the current state-of-the-art in the context of differentiating source cells from more primitive, pluripotent cells, and organizing these cells into populations of a single cell type to produce the components or building blocks of higher order systems and finally, combining multiple cell types, possibly in combination with scaffolds possessing specific physical or chemical properties, to produce greater functionality. As these “living machines” increase in capabilities, exhibit emergent behavior and potentially reveal the ability for self-assembly, self-repair, and even self-replication, questions arise regarding the ethical implications of this work. Future prospects as well as ways of addressing these complex ethical questions will be addressed.

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“…46,47 Initial work was targeted at validating and optimising commercial manual assays such as the Coulter Cytosphere assay for resource poor settings. 48,49 However, recognising of the potential of microfluidics and bioMEMs 50 in biomedical diagnostics, much effort has been made to adapt these strategies as a viable option for low-cost HIV diagnosis in resource-poor settings. 51,52 Discounts for bulk ordering in place or expected for these portable point-of-care devices a Instrument optional.…”

Section: Future Pipeline and Market For Poc Cd4-based Hiv Diagnosticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

CD4 counting technologies for HIV therapy monitoring in resource-poor settings – state-of-the-art and emerging microtechnologies

2013

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Modern advancements in pharmaceuticals have provided individuals who have been infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) with the possibility of significantly extending their survival rates. When administered sufficiently soon after infection, antiretroviral therapy (ART) allows medical practitioners to control onset of the symptoms of the associated acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Active monitoring of the immune system in both HIV patients and individuals who are regarded as "at-risk" is critical in the decision making process for when to start a patient on ART. A reliable and common method for such monitoring is to observe any decline in the number of CD4 expressing T-helper cells in the blood of a patient. However, the technology, expertise, infrastructure and costs to carry out such a diagnostic cannot be handled by medical services in resource-poor regions where HIV is endemic. Addressing this shortfall, commercialized point-of-care (POC) CD4 cell count systems are now available in such regions. A number of newer devices will also soon be on the market, some the result of recent maturing of charity-funded initiatives. Many of the current and imminent devices are enabled by microfluidic solutions, and this review will critically survey and analyze these POC technologies for CD4 counting, both on-market and near-to-market deployment. Additionally, promising technologies under development that may usher in a new generation of devices will be presented.

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On a Chip

Cited by 11 publications

References 25 publications

A Two-Dimensional Affinity Capture and Separation Mini-Platform for the Isolation, Enrichment, and Quantification of Biomarkers and Its Potential Use for Liquid Biopsy

A Two-Dimensional Affinity Capture and Separation Mini-Platform for the Isolation, Enrichment, and Quantification of Biomarkers and Its Potential Use for Liquid Biopsy

Creating Living Cellular Machines

CD4 counting technologies for HIV therapy monitoring in resource-poor settings – state-of-the-art and emerging microtechnologies

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