The operations of complex numbers are the main subject of the mathematical analysis area known as complex analysis. It is also known as the theory of functions of a complex variable. The primary research topic in the field of complex analysis is holomorphic functions. These functions are defined on the complex plane, have differentiable properties, and allow for negative values. The residue theorem, the Cauchy integral formula, the Laurent series expansion, etc. are a few concepts, ideas, and methods that are commonly used in research. In particular, over the years, complex analysis in mathematics, physics, and engineering has been extensively used in algebraic geometry, fluid dynamics, quantum mechanics, and other related areas. Two Italian mathematicians, Girolamo Cardano and Raphael Bombelli, discovered complex numbers in the 16th century while attempting to solve a particular algebra, and Cauchy and Riemann extended it in the 19th century. This essay begin with investigation of arithmetic propertity of comlex numbers and then fully explores history development of complex numbers.