On-block mechanistic determinants of start performance in high performance swimmers

Thng, Shiqi; Pearson, Simon; Mitchell, Lachlan J G; Meulenbroek, Clare; Keogh, Justin W L

doi:10.1080/14763141.2021.1887342

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…It was noted that the 15 m mark time was significantly correlated (i.e. higher values led to less time covering the distance) to the average horizontal force, horizontal take-off velocity and average horizontal acceleration (García-Ramos et al, 2015;Thing et al, 2021). Furthermore, it was also significantly correlated to variables related to lowerlimbs explosiveness (squat and countermovement height) (Keiner et al, 2019;West et al, 2011).…”

Section: Prediction Of the Start Main Outcome (15 M Mark Time) In Each Race (50 M And 100 M Freestyle) And Its Relationship With Other Stmentioning

confidence: 98%

The effect of the start and finish in the 50 m and 100 m freestyle performance in elite male swimmers

Marinho

Barbosa

Neiva

et al. 2021

International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport

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The aim of this study was to: (1) verify differences between swimmers of the same competitive level in variables related to the start and finish (50 m and 100 m freestyle); (2) verify if starting and finish variables are responsible for faster race time, and which starting variables are responsible for the start performance in such events. For the 50 m and 100 m freestyle race at the junior European Championships 2019, 86 and 88 male swimmers were analysed, respectively. A set of starting and finishing variables were used for analysis. Both races (50 m: p < 0.001; 100 m: p < 0.001) presented a significant level effect for the final race time. The same trend was observed for the start and finish performances. For both races, hierarchical linear modelling retained the 15 m mark time and finish speed as predictors. The 50 m start retained the reaction time and underwater speed, and the 100 m start retained the reaction time and the water break distance. This indicates the underwater phase of the start is of substantial importance to improve the 15 m mark time. Coaches and swimmers are advised to enhance the start underwater phase, and finish segments to improve the swimmers' performance.

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Section: Prediction Of the Start Main Outcome (15 M Mark Time) In Each Race (50 M And 100 M Freestyle) And Its Relationship With Other Stmentioning

confidence: 98%

The effect of the start and finish in the 50 m and 100 m freestyle performance in elite male swimmers

Marinho

Barbosa

Neiva

et al. 2021

International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Despite the swim stroke, if swimmers adopt the best streamlined position after the water entry and during the underwater phase, the force generated on the start block will also help swimmers on promoting a faster underwater speed (Calderbank et al, 2020;Thng et al, 2021). This can also be enhanced with powerful underwater dolphin kicks (except in breaststroke due to ruling constraints) (Ikeda et al, 2021).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Normative data of the start in the 50 m events at the 2021 LEN European Championships and understanding its relationship with the final race

Morais¹

2023

EJHM

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This study aimed to: (i) present normative data of the variables related to the start in the four swim strokes by tier and sex, and; (ii) understand the relationship between the 15th meter mark time and the final race time of the male and female swimmers competing in the four 50 m events at the 2021 European Championships. Participants were all male and female swimmers who competed in the 50 m events at the 2021 LEN European Championships held in Budapest. The official race times and block times were retrieved from the official competition website. All starting variables were analyzed in a dedicated software for race analysis. The 15th meter mark time was used as the start main outcome. For all events by sex, the 15th meter mark time was the variable presenting the highest and largest tier effect (p < 0.001) besides the final race time. Overall, despite the swim stroke, the variables related to the underwater phase were also responsible for the significant tier effect (p < 0.001). The 15th meter mark time presented a high to very-high relationship with the final race time in all four swim strokes. This relationship was stronger in freestyle (both sexes). That is, swimmers who achieve the 15th meter mark sooner are more likely to deliver better performances. Coaches must be aware that the underwater phase plays a key-role on the swimmers’ (both sexes) start performance. Nonetheless, different strategies can be used based on the swimmers’ strength and weaknesses. Moreover, the start performance in all four swim strokes and in both sexes can strongly predict the final race time.

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“…32 An Infinity Start System (Colorado Time Systems, Loveland, Colorado, USA) provided an audible starting signal to the athletes and an electronic start trigger to the KiSwim system. Kinetic and kinematic variables of block performance extracted for analysis were identified by Thng and colleagues as key predictors of time to 5 and 15 m. 33 Analysis of the identified parameters were broken down into the block, flight, and in-water phases of the swim start. The in-water phase comprises the underwater phase and the free swimming component till the 15 m mark.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Longitudinal tracking of body composition, lower limb force-time characteristics and swimming start performance in high performance swimmers

Thng

Pearson

Rathbone

et al. 2021

International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching

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This study aimed to (1) track changes in body composition, lower body force-time characteristics, and swim start performance over a competitive season, and (2) investigate the intra-individual associations between changes in body composition and lower body force-time characteristics to swim start performance in five high performance swimmers (three males, two females). Over a ∼12-month period, body composition, lower body force-time characteristics and swim start performance were assessed at three time points via DXA scan, squat jump and swim start performance test (start times to 5 and 15 m and several kinematic and kinetic outputs). Throughout a competitive season of concurrent swimming and dry-land resistance training, improvements in lower body lean mass and squat jump force-time characteristics were observed. However, changes in start times varied between athletes. Total body and lower body lean mass both displayed large negative correlations with the time spent in the entry and propulsive underwater phases ( r = –0.57 to –0.66), along with a large positive correlations with glide time ( r = 0.56–0.53). Additionally, lower body lean mass exhibited large to very large positive correlations with the flight phase ( r = 0.70–0.73). Overall, these findings provide some insight into the potential magnitude of change in body composition, lower body force-time characteristics and swim start performance in high performance swimmers within a season. The large to very large correlations between increased lower body lean mass and SJ force-time metrics to improvements in aspects of start performance may provide useful information to coaches and sports scientists.

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On-block mechanistic determinants of start performance in high performance swimmers

Cited by 5 publications

References 13 publications

The effect of the start and finish in the 50 m and 100 m freestyle performance in elite male swimmers

The effect of the start and finish in the 50 m and 100 m freestyle performance in elite male swimmers

Normative data of the start in the 50 m events at the 2021 LEN European Championships and understanding its relationship with the final race

Longitudinal tracking of body composition, lower limb force-time characteristics and swimming start performance in high performance swimmers

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