On-Chip Generation and Manipulation of Entangled Photons Based on Reconfigurable Lithium-Niobate Waveguide Circuits

Abstract

A consequent tendency toward high-performance quantum information processing is to develop the fully integrated photonic chip. Here, we report the on-chip generation and manipulation of entangled photons based on reconfigurable lithium-niobate waveguide circuits. By introducing a periodically poled structure into the waveguide circuits, two individual photon-pair sources with a controllable electro-optic phase shift are produced within a Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer, resulting in a deterministically separated identical photon pair. The state is characterized by 92.9±0.9% visibility Hong-Ou-Mandel interference. The photon flux reaches ∼1.4×10(7) pairs nm-1 mW-1. The whole chip is designed to contain nine similar units to produce identical photon pairs spanning the telecom C and L band by the flexible engineering of nonlinearity. Our work presents a scenario for on-chip engineering of different photon sources and paves the way to fully integrated quantum technologies.

Deterministic separation of arbitrary photon pair states in integrated quantum circuits

“…Correlated photon pairs are an important resource for quantum photonics that can be generated on-chip by quantum dots [4] or integrated nonlinear waveguides [5,6,14]. As well as being both compact and efficient, integrated photon pair sources have also shown unprecedented versatility in tailoring the properties of the generated twin-photon state through dispersion engineering and birefringence management, thereby establishing control over the spectral and polarization entanglement [15][16][17], photon bandwidths [18], and degree of non-degeneracy.…”

“…In much the same way, quantum interference between two identical sources of photon pairs can be used to achieve the reverse effect: the anticoalescence of bunched states into anti-bunched states. Such interference-facilitated pair separation (IFPS) was realized first in fiber Sagnac loops [22][23][24] and more recently on-chip [12,14] by coherently pumping two photon pair sources, e.g. denoted A and B, to create an approximate NOON-type state of the form |Ψ = |ψ A |0 B + e iθ |0 A |ψ B where θ represents a stable relative phase, |ψ a photon pair, and |0 the vacuum.…”

“…Mapping quantum photonic technologies into an integrated on-chip setting has become an important task for overcoming the severe stability and scalability limitations of bulk-optics implementations. Recent efforts have demonstrated on-chip quantum state generation [4][5][6], manipulation [7][8][9][10][11][12] and detection [13] across numerous material platforms including GaAs [6,11,13], silicon wire [5,12], silica-on-silicon [7,8,10], lithium niobate [14] and borosilicate glass [9].…”

An optical synchronous up counter based on electro-optic effect of lithium niobate based Mach–Zehnder interferometers

“…To overcome this limitation, in this paper, authors have demonstrated the design for an optical counter based on electro-optic (EO) effect of LiNbO 3 based Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI). LiNbO 3 based MZI is characterized by the attractive features of compact size, thermal stability (Wooten et al 2000), re-configurability (Jin et al 2014), integration potential (Wooten et al 2000), low latency and low power consumption (Singh et al 2012;Kumar et al 2015b). Due to which many researchers have shown their keen interest and designed various combinational and sequential circuits using MZIs (Kumar et al , 2014a(Kumar et al , b, 2015aRaghuwanshi et al 2013Raghuwanshi et al , 2014.…”

Implementation of 2-bit multiplier based on electro-optic effect in Mach–Zehnder interferometers

“…Due to variation of the refractive index, the phase difference arises, and depending upon the phase, signal shifts from one waveguide to another waveguide. LiNbO 3 based MZI is characterized by the attractive features of compact size, thermal stability (Wooten et al 2000), re-configurability (Jin et al 2014), integration potential (Wooten et al 2000), low latency and low power consumption (Singh et al 2012;Kumar Kumar et al 2015b). Due to which many researchers have shown their keen interest and implemented various combinational and sequential circuits using MZIs (Kumar et al , 2014a(Kumar et al , b, 2015aRaghuwanshi et al 2013Raghuwanshi et al , 2014.…”