Over the past few decades, several researchers have produced a variety of nanofluids that are used as heat transfer fluids in many engineering and technological processes. A nanofluid is a kind of heat transfer fluid, containing nanoparticles (1-100 nm) that are uniformly and stably distributed in a base fluid. Nanoparticles can be metallic/intermetallic compounds, such as Ag, Cu, Ni, Au, Fe, and ceramic compounds such as oxides, sulfides and carbides. Liquids such as water, ethylene glycol, a mixture of water and ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, engine oil, vegetable oil, paraffin, coconut oil, gear oil, kerosene, and pump oil are used as base fluids. A wide range of applications for nanofluids in different areas have been reported in the literature. These include biomedical applications, lubrication, surface coating, petroleum processing, environmental remediation, and cooling systems for electronics.