On coughing and airborne droplet transmission to humans

Dbouk, T.; Drikakis, Dimitris

doi:10.1063/5.0011960

Cited by 513 publications

(463 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…For example, suspended atmospheric pollutant particles (PM10 and PM2.5) that originated from dust and smoke will severely influence the air quality 5,6 . Another example is pathogen laden droplets in confined indoors, which will cause viral and bacterial infectious diseases to spread in hospitals, schools, and airplanes [7][8][9][10] . In such a dispersed multiphase flow, the evolution of the phase interface may not be a primary concern 11 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transport and deposition of dilute microparticles in turbulent thermal convection

Tao

Shi

et al. 2020

Physics of Fluids

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We analyze the transport and deposition behavior of dilute microparticles in turbulent Rayleigh-Bénard convection. Two-dimensional direct numerical simulations were carried out for the Rayleigh number (Ra) of 10 8 and the Prandtl number (Pr) of 0.71 (corresponding to the working fluids of air). The Lagrangian point particle model was used to describe the motion of microparticles in the turbulence. Our results show that the suspended particles are homogeneously distributed in the turbulence for the Stokes number (St) less than 10 −3 , and they tend to cluster into bands for 10 −3 St 10 −2. At even larger St, the microparticles will quickly sediment in the convection. We also calculate the mean-square displacement (MSD) of the particle's trajectories. At short time intervals, the MSD exhibits a ballistic regime, and it is isotropic in vertical and lateral directions; at longer time intervals, the MSD reflects a confined motion for the particles, and it is anisotropic in different directions. We further obtained a phase diagram of the particle deposition positions on the wall, and we identified three deposition states depending on the particle's density and diameter. An interesting finding is that the dispersed particles preferred to deposit on the vertical wall where the hot plumes arise, which is verified by tilting the cell and altering the rotation direction of the large-scale circulation. a a) This article may be downloaded for personal use only. Any other use requires prior permission of the author and AIP Publishing. This article appeared in Xu et al., Phys. Fluids 32, 083301 (2020) and may be found at

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transport and deposition of dilute microparticles in turbulent thermal convection

Tao

Shi

et al. 2020

Physics of Fluids

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“…al. 23 , Zhang et al, 24 , and Dbouka, T. and Drikakisb 25 , we believe that, even though people follow health prevention measures to not get sick-i.e., social distancing and face cover-and the official guidelines to reopen the economy-i.e., flexible work hours and cleaning continuously surfaces, equipment, and other elements of work environment-asymptomatic individuals can infect a group of people concentrated indoors during a small time period of a day because of the airborne transmission. Therefore, small groups of first responders-workers related to the healthcare, transportation, cleaning, and food service systems-have to be tested and monitored constantly to guarantee the basic services to population.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Intervention strategies with 2D cellular automata for testing SARS-CoV-2 and reopening the economy

Lugo

Alatriste‐Contreras

2020

Preprint

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Abstract During the period of time between a new disease outbreaks and its vaccine is deployed, the health and the economic systems have to find a testing strategy for reopening activities. In particular, asymptomatic individuals, who transmit locally the covid-19 indoors, have to be identified and isolated. We proposed a 2D cellular automaton based on the SI epidemic model for selecting the most desirable testing frequency and identifying the best fitting size of random trails on local urban environments to diagnose SARS-CoV-2 and isolate infected people. We used the complex systems approach to face the challenge of a large-scale test strategy based on urban interventions, starting with first responders and essential workers. We used the case of Mexico to exemplify a credible and intelligent intervention that reduces the virus transmission and detects economic and health costs. Findings suggest that controlling and stopping the virus transmission in a short period of time are possible if the frequency of testing is daily and the percentage of random samples to be tested is at least 90%. This combination of model parameters represents the least expensive intervention compared to others. Therefore, the key for a national testing-isolating strategy is local interventions.

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“…The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)is primarily transmitted via respiratory droplets of varioussizes [1][2][3] . Large respiratory droplets (> 5 μm)transmission occur when a person is in close contact with someone(WHO 2014) 4 who has respiratory symptoms such ascoughing or sneezing 5 , whereas ner virus-ladenrespiratory droplets and particulate matters (≤5 μm) can remain inthe air for an extended period and be carried over greaterdistances 6 > 6 m (such as the outbreak oftuberculosis, measles and chickenpox) 7 . Despite numerousstudies that have demonstrated the transmission route of SARS-CoV-2via respiratory droplets, evidence on aerosols-borne transmissionremains limited 1,8,9 .…”

Section: Main Textmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particulate matter (PM2.5) as a potential SARS-CoV-2 carrier

Shafinaz

Wai

Ibrahim

et al. 2020

Preprint

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The rapid spread of the SARS-CoV-2 in the COVID-19 pandemic had raised questions on the route of transmission of this disease. Initial understanding was that transmission originated from respiratory droplet from an infected host to a susceptible host. However, indirect contact transmission of viable virus by fomites and through aerosols has also been suggested. Herein, we report the involvement of fine indoor air particulate with the diameter of ≤ 2.5 µm (PM2.5) as the transport agent of the virus. PM2.5 was collected over four weeks during a 48 hours measurement intervals in four separate wards containing different infected clusters in a teaching hospital in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Our results indicated highest SARS-CoV-2 RNA on PM2.5 in the ward associated with a lavatory. We suggest a link between the virus-laden PM2.5 and the ward’s design. Patients’ symptoms and numbers that govern the magnitude of viral shedding may also influence the number of airborne SARS-CoV-2 RNA on PM2.5 in an enclosed environment.

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On coughing and airborne droplet transmission to humans

Cited by 513 publications

References 28 publications

Transport and deposition of dilute microparticles in turbulent thermal convection

Transport and deposition of dilute microparticles in turbulent thermal convection

Intervention strategies with 2D cellular automata for testing SARS-CoV-2 and reopening the economy

Particulate matter (PM2.5) as a potential SARS-CoV-2 carrier

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