On Glycolysis in Trichomonas vaginalis

Wellerson, Ralph; Kupferberg, Alfred B.

doi:10.1111/j.1550-7408.1962.tb02646.x

Cited by 28 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Glycolytic enzymes are found in the cytosol but those involved in pyruvate oxidation are localized in hydrogenosome (Johnson et al 1993). Several glycolytic enzymes have been described in the previous biochemical studies ( Wellerson and Kupferberg 1962). In the present study, eight proteins (fructose-1, 6-bisphosphate aldolase, triosephosphate isomerase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, phosphoglycerate kinase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, lactate dehydrogenase, malic enzyme) were assigned to the carbohydrate metabolism category which accounting for 24.7% of total proteins identified.…”

Section: Energy Production and Carbohydrate Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 95%

A proteome reference map of Trichomonas vaginalis

et al. 2008

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Trichomoniasis caused by Trichomonas vaginalis is the most common sexual transmitted infection in the world. The 170-MB genome of this protozoan contains 60,000 genes, the largest number of genes ever identified in protozoan. High-throughput expression sequenced tag analysis showed that at least 4,000 genes were expressed in the trophozoite stage. In the present study, we use two-dimensional electrophoresis combined with matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry analysis to profile, identify, and characterize proteins expressed in the trophozoite stage of T. vaginalis. A total of 247 spots representing 164 different proteins were identified. The identified proteins with known sequence or motif/domain homologies were further classified into groups according to their biological functions. Among them, proteins related to carbohydrate metabolism represented the most abundant category in the T. vaginalis proteome. This study presented the most extensive proteomic analysis of T. vaginalis to date and provided a reference proteome database for future comparative proteomic studies.

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Section: Energy Production and Carbohydrate Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 95%

A proteome reference map of Trichomonas vaginalis

et al. 2008

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“…It is possible that elevated glycogenolysis coordinates with the downstream-activated glycolytic enzymes to enhance glycolysis in TET-treated cells. It has been reported for T. vaginalis and its related trichomonad Tritrichomonas foetus that synthesis and utilization of glycogen are responsible for abundant and deficient extracellular carbohydrate, respectively (45,46). It remains to be determined whether the activation of glycogenolysis is due to the suppression of glucose utilization.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Insights into the Molecular Events Linking to Cell Death Induced by Tetracycline in the Amitochondriate Protozoan Trichomonas vaginalis

Huang

Cheng

et al. 2015

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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f Trichomonas vaginalis colonizes the human urogenital tract and causes trichomoniasis, the most common nonviral sexually transmitted disease. Currently, 5-nitroimidazoles are the only recommended drugs for treating trichomoniasis. However, increased resistance of the parasite to 5-nitroimidazoles has emerged as a highly problematic public health issue. Hence, it is essential to identify alternative chemotherapeutic agents against refractory trichomoniasis. Tetracycline (TET) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic with activity against several protozoan parasites, but the mode of action of TET in parasites remains poorly understood. The in vitro effect of TET on the growth of T. vaginalis was examined, and the mode of cell death was verified by various apoptosis-related assays. Next-generation sequencing-based RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was employed to elucidate the transcriptome of T. vaginalis in response to TET. We show that TET has a cytotoxic effect on both metronidazole (MTZ)-sensitive and -resistant T. vaginalis isolates, inducing some features resembling apoptosis. RNA-seq data reveal that TET significantly alters the transcriptome via activation of specific pathways, such as aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases and carbohydrate metabolism. Functional analyses demonstrate that TET disrupts the hydrogenosomal membrane potential and antioxidant system, which concomitantly elicits a metabolic shift toward glycolysis, suggesting that the hydrogenosomal function is impaired and triggers cell death. Collectively, we provide in vitro evidence that TET is a potential alternative therapeutic choice for treating MTZ-resistant T. vaginalis. The in-depth transcriptomic signatures in T. vaginalis upon TET treatment presented here will shed light on the signaling pathways linking to cell death in amitochondriate organisms.T richomoniasis is the most common nonviral sexually transmitted infection (STI) and is caused by the parasitic protozoan Trichomonas vaginalis, with more than 275 million cases reported annually worldwide (1). Infected women develop vaginitis, urethritis, and cervicitis, potentially leading to serious health outcomes, such as infertility, preterm delivery, low-birth-weight infants, susceptibility to herpesvirus and human papillomavirus infection, and cervical cancer (2). Trichomoniasis has also been considered a cofactor of human immunodeficiency virus transmission and lethal prostate cancer (3, 4). Currently, metronidazole (MTZ) and other 5-nitroimidazoles are the only recommended drugs for the treatment of trichomoniasis. However, it is estimated that approximately 5 to 10% of all clinical cases of trichomoniasis display resistance to the above-mentioned drugs (5, 6). The only option for treating MTZ-refractory trichomoniasis is to increase the dose of MTZ. However, the teratogenic effect of MTZ on animal models is well documented (7-9), and up to 12% of patients suffer from nausea (10). Hence, it is essential to identify alternative chemotherapeutic agents to combat MTZ-resistant T. vaginalis.Tetracyclines (TETs) ar...

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“…Lactate + DPN -Pyruvate + DPNH + IP Reaction equilibrium has been reported to be greatly favouring lactate formation (Wellerson and Kupferberg, 1962 The hislochcmical demonstration of the great activity of lactic dehydrogenase and highly active a-glycerophosphate dehydro genase, coupled with the presence of alcohol dehydrogenase, is an indication of the importance of the glycolytic pathway in T. vagi nalis. Backer and Galt (1959) very clearly showed the synergisms and antagonisms between the three major pathways and demon strated that without ATPase little lactic acid was formed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…The presence of a-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase has been in dicated in other trichomonads also (Lindblom, 1961). The oxygen consumption of T. foetus and nasal trichomonads of Swine was also found to be stimulated by lactate (Doran, 1957 Wellerson and Kupferberg (1962). This enzyme converts the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate pro duced, to dihydroxyacetone-phosphate and the more dihvdroxyacelone phosphate present, the darker the colour and the more glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate present, the lighter the colour.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%