On Hurricane Risk to Offshore Wind Turbines in US Waters

Ph.D., A. R. Jha; Dolan, Daniel; Musiał, W.; Smith, Charles

doi:10.2523/20811-ms

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Some authors analyze the design codes in the context of tropical cyclones. A study by Jha, et al, sponsored by a Joint Industry Project that included two wind turbine manufacturers (GE Energy and Clipper Wind), compares the reliability levels of an offshore wind turbine designed to IEC 61400-3 and API RP-2A standards operating in several hurricane prone U.S. locations (15,25,26). Clausen, et al (14), recommend increasing the design load safety factor, currently 1.35, to 1.7 in order to maintain the same level of reliability in tropical cyclone areas.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We believe our results underestimate the probability of loss because we model only buckling of the tower base but ignore damage to other components. Our results may also underestimate the probability of tower buckling because we analyze the onshore version of the NREL 5-MW turbine, which has a rigid foundation structure and is not subjected to wave loads; Jha, et al (25) develop a more detailed model the NREL 5-MW turbine that includes foundation compliance and wave loads.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quantifying the hurricane risk to offshore wind turbines

Rose¹,

Jaramillo²,

Small³

et al. 2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying the hurricane risk to offshore wind turbines

Rose¹,

Jaramillo²,

Small³

et al. 2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…Separate load effect models for aerodynamic and hydrodynamic loads were also proposed by Tarp-Johansen (2005), which have been used by Jha (2010) to study wind turbine reliability, but it is most appropriate to use the combined load effect model. The random variable representing maximum load effect of the combination, L max , of wind and wave loads is expressed as:…”

Section: Combined Wind and Wave Load Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards Understanding Reliability Levels for Offshore Wind Turbines

Agarwal

Manuel

2011

All Days

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Achieving uniform reliability is a desired intent of design standards based on Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) methodology. The design standard for offshore wind turbines, the IEC 61400-3 (IEC, 2009), also follows the LRFD. This standard is based on European experience and it may not necessarily represent offshore environment in the US waters, where several offshore wind farms are being planned. For these reasons, it is of interest to investigate factors that may influence the reliability of offshore wind turbines under various levels of wind and wave loads. We evaluate the reliability index, which is a measure of the probability of failure, for the ultimate limit state associated with the fore-aft tower bending moment at the mudline for offshore wind turbines with fixed support structures. We compare reliability index for various values of characteristic levels and coefficients of variation of wind and wave loads, as well as for various ratios of hydrodynamic to aerodynamic loads. These parameters represent different sites and turbine designs. Using the combined wind and wave load effect model for offshore wind turbines proposed by Tarp-Johansen (2005), we show that the range of reliability levels are reasonably uniform under various combinations of wind and wave loads. This meets the intent of codes based on the LRFD. Since large diameter monopile support structures tend to be dominated by inertia forces, while jacket support structures with smaller diameter members are often dominated by drag forces, we also employ a more general wave load formulation that models both drag and inertia forces. We include this wave load model in the combined wind and wave load effect model for offshore wind turbines, and estimate resulting reliability levels. Results show that dragonly case results in smaller estimates of reliability index than the inertia-only case. Moreover, for inertia-dominated cases, reliability levels are found to be even more uniform than those for drag-dominated case.

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“…The report called for a goal-based regulation that should take into account the policy risk in addition to the risk of loss of human life and environmental pollution. Saigal et al (2007) and Jha et al (2009) presented the results of a joint industry project report carried out by MMI Engineering. The nominal and structural reliability analyses were performed to examine the level of safety of two distinct design approaches, or so-called "design recipe", namely IEC 61400-3 in combination with ISO 19902 versus API RP 2A-WSD.…”

Section: A Review Of the Study On The Design Load Case For Hurricane mentioning

confidence: 99%

Design Load Cases Required for Offshore Wind Turbines in Hurricane-Prone Regions

Yu¹,

Kim²,

Lo³

2012

All Days

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This paper discusses the design load cases that are critical for offshore wind turbines installed in hurricane-prone regions on the US Outer Continental Shelf (OCS). Results of a literature review on the research on the design load case for hurricane conditions are first presented in the paper, followed by the models and results of the case studies using the conceptual designs of a monopile, a tripod and a jacket type support. The characteristic structural responses of offshore wind turbines under hurricane conditions are evaluated with the consideration of the dynamic interaction among the turbine rotor-nacelle assembly, support structure and foundation. The correlations between those responses and various design parameters including the turbine operating mode, design environmental condition, site location and support structure configuration are of particular interest. Based on the literature review and the case study results, recommendations are made for the hurricane design load cases.

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On Hurricane Risk to Offshore Wind Turbines in US Waters

Abstract: With the increased focus in the US on green technology, there are several offshore wind farms being planned in the US waters to meet the goal of utilizing renewable energy sources for consumers.

Cited by 8 publications

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Quantifying the hurricane risk to offshore wind turbines

Quantifying the hurricane risk to offshore wind turbines

Towards Understanding Reliability Levels for Offshore Wind Turbines

Design Load Cases Required for Offshore Wind Turbines in Hurricane-Prone Regions

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