On iontophoretic delivery enhancement: Ionization and mobility of lidocaine hydrochloride in propylene glycol

Lidocaine-loaded non-ionic surfactant vesicles: characterization and in vitro permeation studies

“…The great interest in lidocaine delivery systems, as pointed out by the studies carried out in the last years (Stozek and Krowczynski, 1985;Gesztes and Mezei, 1988;Foldvari et al, 1990;Planas et al, 1992;Foldvari et al, 1993;Hou and Yu, 1997;Lener et al, 1997;Bucalo et al, 1998;Fisher et al, 1998;Karami and Beronius, 1998;Mircioiu et al, 1998;Go ¨rner et al, 1999;Malinovsky et al, 1999;Scherlund et al, 2000) prompted us to evaluate the possibility to load with lidocaine, as a free base and as hydrochloride, new vesicles obtained with polysorbate 20 and cholesterol (Santucci et al, 1996), already investigated for ophtalmic delivery (Saettone et al, 1996).…”