Lidocaine-loaded non-ionic surfactant vesicles: characterization and in vitro permeation studies

A review on novel vesicular drug delivery: proniosomes

“…They overcome the demerits associated with liposomes (Muller et al, 2002) such as phospholipid purity (Vora et al, 1998), difficulty in sterilization and high cost. The large-scale production of niosomes does not require any special conditions, unacceptable solvents or precautions (Carafa et al, 2002;Alsarra et al, 2005). However, like liposomes, niosomes also have physical stability problems such as leakage, fusion, aggregation and sedimentation (Solanki et al, 2007).…”

Comparative topical delivery of antifungal drug croconazole using liposome and micro-emulsion-based gel formulations

“…It is water-insoluble drug, so hydrogel may be an excellent vehicle for the topical delivery of this drug in order to make its release slow from the hydrogel. The dermal delivery is used to localize a drug within the skin to enhance the local effect and the transdermal delivery is used to increase the penetration of a drug through the skin for a systemic effect (Carafa et al, 2002;Shakeel et al, 2012). Accordingly, the topical dosage forms should be designed depending on the target sites.…”

Hydrogels and Their Combination with Liposomes, Niosomes, or Transfersomes for Dermal and Transdermal Drug Delivery

“…The encapsulation efficiency of estradiol in proniosomes made from Span 40, Span 60 was 100%, and the permeability of the drug across the nude mouse skin was high as reported by Fang et al [100]. Lidocaine and lidocaine hydrochloride loaded nonionic surfactant vesicles were formulated using Tween 20 and cholesterol, and tested for their local anesthetic effects [16]. The diffusion experiments indicated high flux of charged lidocaine (lidocaine hydrochloride) through a model lipophilic (Silastic™) membrane and found to be possible only after vesicle formation.…”

“…These niosomes are chemically stable, and no special conditions are required while preparation or storage, such as nitrogen atmosphere or low temperature. Niosomes are inexpensive alternatives of nonbiological origin to liposomes which are widely studied in vivo [16]. Moreover, they are extensively used as lipid carrier similar to liposomes physically, with particular properties, which can be exploited to attain different release characteristics and drug distributions [16].…”

“…Niosomes are inexpensive alternatives of nonbiological origin to liposomes which are widely studied in vivo [16]. Moreover, they are extensively used as lipid carrier similar to liposomes physically, with particular properties, which can be exploited to attain different release characteristics and drug distributions [16]. Preliminary studies indicated that niosomes could prolong the plasma circulation of an entrapped drug and alter its distribution pattern and its metabolic stability [17].…”