On-line analysis of elemental pollutants in gaseous effluents by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry: thermodynamic aspects

Trassy, C.; Diemiaszonek, Robert

doi:10.1039/ja9951000661

Cited by 25 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…In the last few decades, a number of significant strides have been made toward the detection of hazardous elements based on various techniques, such as atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), optical emission spectrometry (OES), x-ray fluorescence, laser induced fluorescence, mass spectrometry, etc. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] Still, the whole process of contaminant detection and quantification chiefly relies on lab-based instruments, for example, gas chromatographymass spectrometry (GC-MS), inductively coupled plasmaoptical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), or ICP-MS techniques. As a routine procedure, samples are collected from sites, processed, and then sent to labs elsewhere for evaluation and testing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A portable optical emission spectroscopy-cavity ringdown spectroscopy dual-mode plasma spectrometer for measurements of environmentally important trace heavy metals: Initial test with elemental Hg

Sahay

Scherrer

Wang

2012

Review of Scientific Instruments

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A portable optical emission spectroscopy-cavity ringdown spectroscopy (OES-CRDS) dual-mode plasma spectrometer is described. A compact, low-power, atmospheric argon microwave plasma torch (MPT) is utilized as the emission source when the spectrometer is operating in the OES mode. The same MPT serves as the atomization source for ringdown measurements in the CRDS mode. Initial demonstration of the instrument is carried out by observing OES of multiple elements including mercury (Hg) in the OES mode and by measuring absolute concentrations of Hg in the metastable state 6s6p (3)P(0) in the CRDS mode, in which a palm-size diode laser operating at a single wavelength 405 nm is incorporated in the spectrometer as the light source. In the OES mode, the detection limit for Hg is determined to be 44 parts per 10(9) (ppb). A strong radiation trapping effect on emission measurements of Hg at 254 nm is observed when the Hg solution concentration is higher than 50 parts per 10(6) (ppm). The radiation trapping effect suggests that two different transition lines of Hg at 253.65 nm and 365.01 nm be selected for emission measurements in lower (<50 ppm) and higher concentration ranges (>50 ppm), respectively. In the CRDS mode, the detection limit of Hg in the metastable state 6s6p (3)P(0) is achieved to be 2.24 parts per 10(12) (ppt) when the plasma is operating at 150 W with sample gas flow rate of 480 mL min(-1); the detection limit corresponds to 50 ppm in Hg sample solution. Advantage of this novel spectrometer has two-fold, it has a large measurement dynamic range, from a few ppt to hundreds ppm and the CRDS mode can serve as calibration for the OES mode as well as high sensitivity measurements. Measurements of seven other elements, As, Cd, Mn, Ni, P, Pb, and Sr, using the OES mode are also carried out with detection limits of 1100, 33, 30, 144, 576, 94, and 2 ppb, respectively. Matrix effect in the presence of other elements on Hg measurements has been found to increase the detection limit to 131 ppb. These elements in lower concentrations can also be measured in the CRDS mode when a compact laser source is available to be integrated into the spectrometer in the future. This exploratory study demonstrates a new instrument platform using an OES-CRDS dual-mode technique for potential field applications.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A portable optical emission spectroscopy-cavity ringdown spectroscopy dual-mode plasma spectrometer for measurements of environmentally important trace heavy metals: Initial test with elemental Hg

Sahay

Scherrer

Wang

2012

Review of Scientific Instruments

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“…Thus, continuous emission monitors (CEMs) have been developed and applied to measure heavy metals emission in real-time in different combustion systems, such as incinerator and coal gasification plants, for atmospheric pollution control. A number of instrumental techniques have been applied to CEMs, including inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), [9][10][11][12] and microwave plasma system. 13,14 The advantages and disadvantages of each individual analytical technique have been compared and discussed elsewhere.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the physical states of calibration aerosols could be generated to closely resemble that of sample aerosols, the gaseous matrix compositions between standard aerosols and samples are not exactly the same. Trassey and associates 3,15 investigated the effect of gas compositions such as CO 2 and H 2 O on plasma emission in theory and by experiment concluding that matrix matching between samples and standards is absolutely necessary to achieve a high accuracy of analytical results. The introduction of air samples into an argon plasma results in mixed-gas plasma, hence changing the thermodynamic properties of the plasma gas such as electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, and specific heat.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct introduction of cigarette smoke for puff-by-puff trace metals analysis by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

Chang¹,

Naworal²,

Connell³

2006

J. Anal. At. Spectrom.

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“…In an effort to fulfill the need for multimetals continuous emissions monitors (MMCEMs), several innovative analytical methods have been developed and demonstrated with varying degrees of success. Executed on an extractive basis or in situ, these methods employ a variety of spectrochemical techniques including inductively coupled plasma emission, [1][2][3] microwave plasma emission, 4 laser-induced plasma emission, 5,6 and X-ray fluorescence analysis. 7 In anticipation of these developmental efforts, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has drafted performance specifications for MMCEMs that stipulate certain minimum requirements for relative accuracy and quality assurance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance Testing of a Multimetals Continuous Emissions Monitor

Seltzer

2000

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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A prototype instrument, designed for continuous monitoring of hazardous air pollutant metal emissions in the stack gases of waste incinerators and industrial furnaces, has undergone a performance evaluation that included a relative accuracy test audit. The test results confirmed the instrument's ability to accurately measure stack gas metal concentrations and thus validate the applicability of the candidate technique for compliance assurance monitoring for the specific source involved. The analytical accuracy of this system, documented during the recent test exercise, represents a significant improvement in performance relative to that previously achieved, and can be attributed with certainty to the recent implementation of a shrouded nozzle sampling system. By reducing deposition losses of particulate matter in the extracted stack gas stream to acceptable levels, presentation of a more representative sample stream to the elemental analyzer has been accomplished. The present paper discusses the design and operation of the multimetals continuous emissions monitor (MMCEM), the shrouded nozzle sampling system, and the results of recent performance testing.

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On-line analysis of elemental pollutants in gaseous effluents by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry: thermodynamic aspects

Cited by 25 publications

References 9 publications

A portable optical emission spectroscopy-cavity ringdown spectroscopy dual-mode plasma spectrometer for measurements of environmentally important trace heavy metals: Initial test with elemental Hg

A portable optical emission spectroscopy-cavity ringdown spectroscopy dual-mode plasma spectrometer for measurements of environmentally important trace heavy metals: Initial test with elemental Hg

Direct introduction of cigarette smoke for puff-by-puff trace metals analysis by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

Performance Testing of a Multimetals Continuous Emissions Monitor

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