On-line coupling of sequential injection extraction with restricted-access materials and post-column derivatization for sample clean-up and determination of propranolol in human plasma

Development of a MSFIA sample treatment system as front end of GC–MS for atenolol and propranolol determination in human plasma

“…Flow rates in MSFIA are limited by back-pressure of the RAM column, and the viscosity of the plasma that restricted the use of high flow rates without increasing the back-pressure in the column during the elution process. This technique allows a maximum pressure of about 2.5 MPa [24]. For this reason, a flow rate of 0.6 mL min À 1 was proposed for this step to prevent overloading of the syringe pump and to provide enough contact time between the analytes and the sorbent.…”

“…These systems require highly sophisticated apparatuses, high operating cost and expensive instrumentation (column switching system, programs equipment and two pumps). In the search of more affordable approaches, other methods exploiting flow-techniques (FT) with on-line column switching schemes have been described [24].…”

Application of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Coated Iron Oxide Magnetic Nanoparticles for the Extraction and Spectrofluorimetric Determination of Propranolol in Different Biological Samples

“…Several methods including high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) [5][6][7][8],gas chromatography (GC) [9], GC-mass spectrometry (MS) [9], HPLC-MS [3,10,11], electrophoresis [12] and fluorimetry [1,2,13], have been reported for the determination of PRO in biological fluids. PRO showed strong native fluorescence signals at acidic pH but in alkaline media its fluorescent was decreased.…”

“…Using a liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) [5,6,[9][10][11] or SPE [3,7,12] step prior to the instrumental separation and determination of analytes in biological samples has been widely used and reported in literature, because it enables the elimination of the interferences present in the urine and the concentration of the analytes. LLE metho ds require large amounts of organic solvents, which are harmful to humans and the environment.…”

Direct doping analysis of beta-blocker drugs from urinary samples by on-line molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction coupled to liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry

“…Doping control for these compounds is commonly carried out by analyzing their presence in urine samples by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry or liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. 1 However, due to the complexity of urine, sample preparation strategies involving solid-phase extraction, 5,6 liquid-liquid extraction [7][8][9] or pre-column clean-up 10,11 must be used to eliminate interferents and to concentrate the analytes. However, due to the low selectivity of these conventional sample preparation techniques, the use of selective sorbents based on molecular imprinting technology has been prominent in recent years [12][13][14][15] and some applications for betablockers can also be found.…”