On-Line Monitoring of Chemical Reactions

Hergeth, Wolf‐Dieter

doi:10.1002/14356007.c18_c01

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 270 publications

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“…In the literature, a wide variety of experimental techniques to monitor emulsion polymerization reactions has been described (Hergeth, 2001). Not all of these are suitable for an industrial environment.…”

Section: Industrial Process Monitoring 667mentioning

confidence: 99%

Industrial Process Monitoring of Polymerization and Spray Drying Processes

Hergeth¹,

Jaeckle²,

Krell³

2003

Polymer Reaction Engineering

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Radical polymerizations in emulsion, suspension and solution are very important industrial production processes. To be able to control these processes to achieve good product quality makes the development of methods to observe these reactions in situ a very important topic not just in academia, but also in industry. In this paper, the advantages and disadvantages of different methods to follow emulsion and suspension polymerization reactions as well as spray drying processes are discussed from an industrial point of view. Calorimetry, near infrared spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy are the methods with the highest potential for on-line applications. Droplet formation in spray drying can be observed by laser light scattering methods. Spectroscopic methods have used data analysis methods (principal component analysis, partial least squares) for a number of years. These methods can also be used as ''soft sensors'' Downloaded by [McGill University Library] at 07:24 07 February 2015 with standard process data. Examples how these soft sensors can be applied to emulsion polymerization processes are shown.

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Section: Industrial Process Monitoring 667mentioning

confidence: 99%

Industrial Process Monitoring of Polymerization and Spray Drying Processes

Hergeth¹,

Jaeckle²,

Krell³

2003

Polymer Reaction Engineering

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“…It is especially important when substances in a mixture are hard to distinguish from one another (mixtures of two and more amines), but their concentrations have an impact on the overall performance of the process. So called “at-line” analysis, using instruments placed close to the process line, requires sample transportation and poses risks of sample contamination during tests . Direct in-line installation of monitoring tools for analysis of both the lean and rich solvent slip streams reduces the likelihood of external influences and increases the flexibility of the industrial process control.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-Time Process Monitoring of CO₂ Capture by Aqueous AMP-PZ Using Chemometrics: Pilot Plant Demonstration

Kachko

Ham²,

Geers³

et al. 2015

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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A combination of analytical instrumentation and multivariate statistics is widely applied to improve in-line process monitoring. Currently, postcombustion CO2 capture (PCC) technology often involves the use of multiamine based chemical reagents for carbon dioxide removal from flue gas. The CO2 capture efficiency and overall process performance may be improved by introduction of the chemometrics analytical methods for flexible and reliable process monitoring. In this study, six variables were measured (conductivity, pH, density, speed of sound, refractive index, and near-infrared absorbance spectra). A compact data-collecting chemometric setup was constructed and installed at an industrial pilot plant for real-case testing. This setup was applied to the characterization of CO2 absorption into aqueous 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) activated by piperazine (PZ) as the absorption agent. A partial least-squares (PLS) regression model was calibrated and validated based on the measurements conducted in the laboratory environment. The developed approach was applied to predict the concentrations of AMP, PZ, and CO2 with accuracies of ±2.1%, ± 3.5%, and ±4.3%, respectively. The model was constructed to include the temperature dependency in order to make it insensitive to operational temperature fluctuations during a CO2 capture process. The setup and model have been tested for almost 850 hours of in-line measurements at a postcombustion CO2 capture pilot plant. To provide validation of the chemometrics approach, an off-line analysis of the samples has been conducted. The results of the validation technique benchmarking appear to be consistent with values predicted in-line, with average deviations of ±1.8%, ± 1.3%, and ±3.9% for the concentrations of AMP, PZ, and CO2, respectively.

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“…This requires implementation of real-time model-based predictive control, which, in recent years, has received a significant boost through progress in computing, modeling, sensor technologies, and chemoinformatics. 1 − 3 However, significant challenges remain in implementing model-based predictive controllers, especially in situations when product quality and/or process parameters are difficult to observe directly and require soft sensors in addition to hard sensors. Here, we define a soft sensor as a model that receives hard sensor measurements and computes parameter(s) enabling the determination of process state variables.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Understanding process behavior, implemented in a robust model, enables the maximum and safe utilization of the heating/cooling capacity of plants, and sensing and characterizing product quality during the manufacturing process enables real-time optimization of process parameters that maximize quality and throughput simultaneously. This requires implementation of real-time model-based predictive control, which, in recent years, has received a significant boost through progress in computing, modeling, sensor technologies, and chemoinformatics. − However, significant challenges remain in implementing model-based predictive controllers, especially in situations when product quality and/or process parameters are difficult to observe directly and require soft sensors in addition to hard sensors. Here, we define a soft sensor as a model that receives hard sensor measurements and computes parameter(s) enabling the determination of process state variables.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feasibility of the Simultaneous Determination of Monomer Concentrations and Particle Size in Emulsion Polymerization Using in Situ Raman Spectroscopy

Houben

Nurumbetov

Haddleton

et al. 2015

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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An immersion Raman probe was used in emulsion copolymerization reactions to measure monomer concentrations and particle sizes. Quantitative determination of monomer concentrations is feasible in two-monomer copolymerizations, but only the overall conversion could be measured by Raman spectroscopy in a four-monomer copolymerization. The feasibility of measuring monomer conversion and particle size was established using partial least-squares (PLS) calibration models. A simplified theoretical framework for the measurement of particle sizes based on photon scattering is presented, based on the elastic-sphere-vibration and surface-tension models.

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On-Line Monitoring of Chemical Reactions

Cited by 6 publications

References 270 publications

Industrial Process Monitoring of Polymerization and Spray Drying Processes

Industrial Process Monitoring of Polymerization and Spray Drying Processes

Real-Time Process Monitoring of CO₂ Capture by Aqueous AMP-PZ Using Chemometrics: Pilot Plant Demonstration

Feasibility of the Simultaneous Determination of Monomer Concentrations and Particle Size in Emulsion Polymerization Using in Situ Raman Spectroscopy

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On-Line Monitoring of Chemical Reactions

Cited by 6 publications

References 270 publications

Industrial Process Monitoring of Polymerization and Spray Drying Processes

Industrial Process Monitoring of Polymerization and Spray Drying Processes

Real-Time Process Monitoring of CO2 Capture by Aqueous AMP-PZ Using Chemometrics: Pilot Plant Demonstration

Feasibility of the Simultaneous Determination of Monomer Concentrations and Particle Size in Emulsion Polymerization Using in Situ Raman Spectroscopy

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Product

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Real-Time Process Monitoring of CO₂ Capture by Aqueous AMP-PZ Using Chemometrics: Pilot Plant Demonstration