On-line reversed-phase liquid chromatography hydride generation emission spectrometry: speciation of arsenic in urine of patients intravenously treated with As2O3

Complementary chromatography separation combined with hydride generation–inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for arsenic speciation in human urine

“…Hence, it is critical to separate AsB from the other arsenicals in a speciation analysis to achieve more accurate determination of the individual concentrations of inorganic arsenic and methylated metabolites. In arsenic speciation analysis, many chromatographic separation techniques have been developed, e.g., ion pairing [19,20], cation exchange [21,22], and anion exchange chromatography [8,21,22], along with various detection methods, e.g., atomic absorption [10,[23][24][25][26], atomic emission [20,25,27,28], atomic fluorescence [9,24,25,29,30], and ICPMS [6,22,24,31]. In particular, the HPLC-ICPMS combination has been used extensively to perform arsenic speciation analysis because of its wide dynamic range, high selectivity, and low detection limit [22,24].…”

“…Subsequently, the arsine (AsH 3 ) generated is detected by the highly sensitive ICPMS. The purpose of hydride generation is to enhance specificity by discriminating AsB from other hydride-forming arsenicals, such that AsB will not interfere with the quantification of other more toxicologically important arsenic species [20,23,25]. AsB, unlike inorganic arsenic and its methylated metabolites, does not react with sodium borohydride to form a volatile arsine.…”

“…AsB, unlike inorganic arsenic and its methylated metabolites, does not react with sodium borohydride to form a volatile arsine. Furthermore, the use of hydride generation enhances sensitivity because of the higher analyte transport efficiency involved in the introduction of gaseous arsines as compared to the introduction of aerosols from liquid [20,22,25]. In addition, we use cysteine as a pre-reduction reagent to pre-reduce pentavalent arsenicals to the trivalent forms.…”

“…In addition, we use cysteine as a pre-reduction reagent to pre-reduce pentavalent arsenicals to the trivalent forms. The lower oxidation state of arsenic enables a faster reaction with NaBH 4 to generate arsines [20,23,25]. This paper reports on a set of complementary chromatographic separation techniques along with a post-column hydride generation derivatization step, followed by a highly sensitive ICPMS detection to quantitatively determine the concentrations of major arsenic species in human urine in the sub-microgram per liter range.…”

The development and application of hybrid sorbents for determination and selective removal of arsenic(III) and arsenic(V) from water

“…Majority of the papers published on arsenic speciation in the past few years used (HPLC) as the basis of separating the species [108], this is usually coupled with mass spectra detector [109,110], (HG) [111], sensitive optical spectroscopic detection system such as (AFS) [112], (AAS) [113,114], (ICP-MS) [115], ion-pair reversedphase chromatography (IP-RP-HPLC) [116,117], and (IE-HPLC) [118,119]. That most studies agree with the use of HPLC which provided high efficiency of separation for very low concentration of the arsenic species, many of researchers agreed to couple (HPLC) with (ICP-MS) for measurement.…”