On-line speciation and determination of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) in drinking and waste water samples by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography coupled with atomic absorption spectrometry

Abstract

A simple, rapid, and selective on-line method for the speciation and determination of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) in aqueous solutions by ion-pairing HPLC coupled with flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) is described. The composition of the mobile phase has been optimized for better separation. The effects of column temperature, volume of injection loop, fuel flow rate of FAAS, and nebulizer suction rate of FAAS have also been investigated. Separation is accomplished in almost 2.5 min on a 25 cm length C18 column at 40 degrees C. The selectivity of the method has been established by investigating the effect of interfering elements on chromium determination. The detection limit (3sigma) achieved by the method was calculated as 3.7 ng/mL for Cr(III) and 2.0 ng/mL for Cr(VI). The proposed method has been validated by analyzing certified reference material (BCR 544) and successfully applied to the analysis of drinking water and wastewater samples with a relative error below 6%.

A novel ion-imprinted polymeric sorbent for separation and determination of chromium(III) species in wastewater

“…Different separation methods coupled with species nonspecific detection techniques, such as atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), were proposed for chromium speciation analysis in environmental samples. Among them, as has been reported in review papers, chromatography, 14,15 liquidliquid extraction, 16−18 and solid-phase extraction (SPE) 19−21 are the most extensively used. Nowadays, flow systems based on SPE have been recognised as excellent tools for the automation of sample pretreatment, including separation and/or preconcentration of chromium species.…”

Speciation, selective extraction and preconcentration of chromium ions via alumina-functionalized-isatin-thiosemicarbazone

“…However, some forms of preliminary separation and preconcentration are required to determine low levels of individual chromium species by sensitive analytical techniques such as graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS), flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry (FAAS), inductively coupled plasma instrumentations (ICP-OES) [7,8]. Several reports were recently published for determination and speciation of chromium in different samples by applications of various analytical techniques [9][10][11][12][13][14]. Most of these methods were based on applications of some sorts of solid phase extraction and preconcentration via modified organic phases or resins.…”

Speciation of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) after column solid phase extraction on Amberlite XAD-2010

“…Due to the amounts of chelating agent is one of the important factor for the quantitative recoveries of analyte ions [28][29][30], the effects of the sodium diethildithiocarbamate (DDTC) amounts on the adsorption of Cr(VI) on the resin was investigated. The recoveries of Cr(VI) was <10%, when DDTC was not added to the solution.…”