On-line UV photochemical generation of volatile copper species and its analytical application

Gao, Ying; Sturgeon, Ralph E.; Mester, Zoltán; Pagliano, Enea; Galea, R.; Saull, P. R. B.; Hou, Xiandeng; Yang, Lu

doi:10.1016/j.microc.2015.09.020

Cited by 26 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…The depression effect from As(III) and Pb(II) on Se determination was probably due to the liquid-phase interference during their photochemical reduction . The formation of Cu 0 from Cu 2+ under UV irradiation caused serious liquid-phase interference for Se either. , As Te and Se belong to the same group, the similar colorimetric response was observed for Te(IV). The addition of 5 μg mL –1 Te(IV) led to the positive effect for the determination of Se with a recovery of 110% for Se(IV).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 86%

Photochemical Vapor Generation for Colorimetric Speciation of Inorganic Selenium

et al. 2019

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Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are widely used as optical probes in colorimetric detection, thanks to their high molar extinction coefficient. However, sample matrixes of high salinity or strong acidity/alkalinity often break the electrostatic repulsion of AuNPs suspension, or/and the surface functionality of AuNPs, causing strong and unfavorable interferences. Photochemical vapor generation (PVG) is an efficient technique for the sample matrix separation. Besides, it possesses distinct features of green reducing reagent, reduced interferences from concomitant elements, and direct speciation by the assistance of photocatalyst. Herein, we developed a photochemical vapor generation (PVG) method for the green and direct speciation analysis of inorganic selenium (i.e., Se(IV) and Se(VI)), by colorimetric or visual monitoring of unmodified AuNPs. The generated Se species from PVG were directed into the AuNPs solution for a reaction to take place, which produced a specific new absorption band at 600 nm for detection. The experimental parameters, including the concentration of organic acid, the sample flow rate, the concentration of AuNPs, and the flow rate of carries gas, were optimized in detail. Under optimized conditions, the limits of detection (LOD) for Se(IV) and Se(VI) were 0.007 and 0.006 μg mL −1 by UV−vis detection, respectively. It is worth mentioning that 0.08 μg mL −1 Se can induce an obvious color change, which can be directly observed with the naked eye. Relative standard deviations (RSDs) of 4.5% and 4.3% were obtained from seven replicate measurements of 0.15 μg mL −1 Se(IV) and Se(VI) standard solution, respectively. The developed assay has been successfully applied for the speciation of Se in a dietary supplement sample and environmental water samples including lake water, seawater, simulated water reference materials, and tap water.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 86%

Photochemical Vapor Generation for Colorimetric Speciation of Inorganic Selenium

et al. 2019

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“…By contrast, chemical vapor generation (CVG), which transforms analytes of interest into their gaseous species, achieves significantly higher sample-introduction efficiency and is the subject of widespread research efforts. − Conventional CVG schemes utilizing tetrahydroborate reductant fail for the effective vapor generation of transition metals and nonmetals, including halogens. Recent studies on photochemical vapor generation (PVG) have demonstrated its great potential for halogens. − Iodine was readily amenable to PVG, generating methyl iodide under UV irradiation of iodine in dilute acetic acid solution to yield an introduction efficiency of 94% for iodine and a 40-fold enhancement in sensitivity . Bromine, in contrast, was not efficiently vapor-generable unless NH 4 Cl was present in a dilute solution of acetic acid .…”

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confidence: 99%

Copper Ion Assisted Photochemical Vapor Generation of Chlorine for Its Sensitive Determination by Sector Field Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry

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Nadeau

et al. 2018

Anal. Chem.

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A novel, reliable, and sensitive approach for the determination of chlorine by sector field inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (SF-ICPMS) using photochemical vapor generation for sample introduction is presented. Methyl chloride is generated from different chlorine species in a flow-through photochemical reactor using a 1% solution of acetic acid containing 7.5 μg g of Cu. The volatile product is directed by an argon carrier gas to a gas-liquid separator and introduced into the instrument. A sample flow rate at 1.7 mL min and a 45 s irradiation time provided a 74-fold enhancement in sensitivity compared to conventional nebulization. A blank-limited detection limit of 0.5 ng g for chloride, suitable for quantitation at trace levels, was achieved. The proposed method was validated by analysis of two certified reference materials, NIST SRM 1568b rice flour and SRM 1571 orchard leaves, with satisfactory results, as well as three varieties of bottled water, achieving spike recoveries between 101% and 105%.

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“…Apart from elements typically amenable to HG and nonmetals (Br, Cl, and I), − PVG has been successfully achieved with several transition metals, including Ni, − Fe, − Co, ,, Cu, Cd, and Os . PVG of Rh, Pt, Pd, Ag, and Au was briefly reported in very early work and has only recently been followed up with a more detailed investigation, although absolute efficiencies were not estimated .…”

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“…9 Since UV light has only to pass the thin synthetic quartz wall of the inner channel, this photoreactor permits ready access to intense 185 nm radiation, efficiently photolyzing the sample without concurrent ozone generation. 5 Apart from elements typically amenable to HG 10 and nonmetals (Br, Cl, and I), 11−13 PVG has been successfully achieved with several transition metals, including Ni, 14−20 Fe, 20−22 Co, 14,23,24 Cu, 25 Cd, 26 and Os. 27 PVG of Rh, Pt, Pd, Ag, and Au was briefly reported in very early work 28 and has only recently been followed up with a more detailed investigation, although absolute efficiencies were not estimated.…”

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Efficient Photochemical Vapor Generation of Molybdenum for ICPMS Detection

2018

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Photochemical vapor generation (PVG) of Mo was accomplished using a 19 W high-efficiency flow-through photoreactor operating in a flow injection mode using 30-50% (w/v) formic acid as a reaction medium. The generated volatile product (most probably molybdenum hexacarbonyl) was directed by an argon carrier gas to a plastic gas-liquid separator and introduced into the spray chamber of an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer for detection. Particular attention was paid to the determination of overall PVG efficiency relative to that for liquid nebulization. Utilizing a sample flow rate of 1.25 mL min, corresponding to an irradiation time of 38 s, PVG efficiencies in the range 46-66% were achieved. The efficiency could be further enhanced by the presence of mg L added Fe ions. A limit of detection of 1.2 ng L and precision of 3% (RSD) at 250 ng L were achieved. Interferences from inorganic anions likely to be encountered during analytical application to real samples (NO, Cl, SO, NO, and ClO) were investigated in detail. The accuracy and applicability of this sensitive methodology was successfully verified by analysis of fresh water Standard Reference Material NIST 1643e, two seawater Certified Reference Materials (NASS-7 and CASS-6), and by analysis of two samples of commercial dietary supplements solubilized in formic acid.

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On-line UV photochemical generation of volatile copper species and its analytical application

Cited by 26 publications

References 48 publications

Photochemical Vapor Generation for Colorimetric Speciation of Inorganic Selenium

Photochemical Vapor Generation for Colorimetric Speciation of Inorganic Selenium

Copper Ion Assisted Photochemical Vapor Generation of Chlorine for Its Sensitive Determination by Sector Field Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry

Efficient Photochemical Vapor Generation of Molybdenum for ICPMS Detection

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