On macroeconomic characteristics of pharmaceutical generics and the potential for manufacturing and consumption under fuzzy conditions

Gascón, Fernando; García, David de la Fuente; Puente, Javier; Lozano, Jesús

doi:10.1016/j.artmed.2007.07.001

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Basically, what this means is that the expiration of a product patent is accompanied by the simultaneous entry, sometimes the same day, of a different generic. Models have been created to calculate the aggregated demand and supply features, influencing the generic medicine market (Gascon et al 2007). …”

Section: Conceptual Framework and Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of generic competition on market share and prices of cardiovascular medicines on the Bulgarian pharmaceutical market

et al. 2010

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To cite this version:Manoela M. Manova, Assena Stoimenova, Fabrice Clerfeuille, Guenka I. Petrova. Impact of generic competition on market share and prices of cardiovascular medicines on the Bulgarian pharmaceutical market. Journal of Public Health, Springer Verlag, 2010, 19 (1) Abstract: Background During the last three decades a tremendous progress has been made in the discovery and development of a lot of new molecules in many pharmaceutical areas. These families of real innovative treatment comprise of "originator" molecules (first molecule released, which can be under patent or with expired patent), as well "generic" version of those originator molecules, whose patent has expired. Usually the patent expires 15 to 20 years after the creation of the originator molecule.Main objective This research focuses on the effects of the arrival of generic and or therapeutic competitors on the market, in terms of impacts on the market share and prices. Methodology Between 2005 and 2007 we follow three classes of medicinal products in the cardiovascular area:ACE inhibitors, sartans and statins. They have been studied on the Bulgarian market because there is no regulation in the country stimulating the generic market. The official database of the Bulgarian Health Insurance Fund was used to test our two hypothesis concerning the impact of the generics on market share and prices. To test our hypothesis a t-test analysis, Kolmogorov Smirnov, one and two way ANOVA analyses were performed. Results Our results confirm that the generic competition, in general, changes the market. These changes decrease the medicines prices. The generic competition is not regulatory supported in the country and this fact could influence negatively our study because it does not correspond to the world tendencies. Furthermore our results confirm that the creation of sustainable generic pharmaceutical market requires active regulatory and marketing measures at all levels including incentives for manufactures, physicians and dispensers.

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Section: Conceptual Framework and Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of generic competition on market share and prices of cardiovascular medicines on the Bulgarian pharmaceutical market

et al. 2010

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“…Under these circumstances, three FIS are designed to integrate all these information sources with the aim of supporting decision-making processes at large pharmaceutical firms. Fuzzy inference systems adequately emulate human reasoning in decision-making processes based on rules from ill-defined or vague data (Lin, 2010) -as has already been proved in many other ambits (Puente et al, 2002;Gascón et al, 2007;García et al, 2013). This approach is therefore perfectly applicable for managing the pipeline of innovative drugs in large pharmaceutical laboratories.…”

Section: Modelling Innovation Riskmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…However, FIS has been used in similar settings, e.g. to analyze the characteristics of the market for generic pharmaceutical drugs (Gascón et al, 2007;Puente et al, 2011).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some researchers use this approach to improve medical procedures and training at hospitals, such as Mendez et al (2018) and Nakawala et al (2018). From a different prism, Gascón et al (2007) classify countries depending on their likelihood to consume and produce generics through fuzzy techniques.…”

Section: On Strategic Choices Faced By Large Pharmaceutical Laboratormentioning

confidence: 99%

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On strategic choices faced by large pharmaceutical laboratories and their effect on innovation risk under fuzzy conditions

Puente

Gascón

Ponte

et al. 2019

Artificial Intelligence in Medicine

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Structured abstractObjectives. We develop a fuzzy evaluation model that provides managers at different responsibility levels in pharmaceutical laboratories with a rich picture of their innovation risk as well as that of competitors. This would help them take better strategic decisions around the management of their present and future portfolio of clinical trials in an uncertain environment.Through three structured fuzzy inference systems (FIS), the model evaluates the overall innovation risk of the laboratories by capturing the financial and pipeline sides of innovation risk.Methods and Materials. Three FIS, based on the Mamdani model, determine the level of innovation risk of large pharmaceutical laboratories according to the strategic choices they face.Two subsystems measure different aspects of innovation risk while the third one builds on the results of the previous two. In all of them, both the partitions of the variables and the rules of the knowledge base were agreed through an innovative 2-tuple-based method. With the aid of experts, we have embedded knowledge into the FIS and validated the model. Results.In an empirical application of the proposed methodology, we evaluate a sample of 31 large pharmaceutical laboratories in the period 2008-2013. Depending on the relative weight of the two subsystems in the first layer (capturing the financial and the pipeline sides of innovation risk), we estimate the overall risk. Comparisons across laboratories are made and graphical surfaces are analyzed in order to interpret the results. We have also run regressions to better understand the implications of our results.ii Conclusions. The main contribution of this work is the development of an innovative fuzzy evaluation model that is useful for analyzing the innovation risk characteristics of large pharmaceutical laboratories given their strategic choices. The methodology is valid for carrying out a systematic analysis of the potential for developing new drugs over time and in a stable manner while managing the risks involved. We provide all the necessary tools and datasets to facilitate the replication of the system, which may be easily applied to other settings. KeywordsFuzzy inference systems; 2-tuple-based method; innovation risk; R&D; Pharmaceutical laboratories Highlights -Consensual fuzzy sets and rules are used to model innovation risk in large pharmaceutical laboratories, clarifying the system for pharmaceutical decision-makers and stakeholders.-With the aid of experts, we have combined knowledge with large and diverse datasets and embedded it into the fuzzy inference systems.-The fuzzy evaluation model captures both the financial side and the pipeline side of innovation risk of pharmaceutical companies operating in uncertain environments.-The fuzzy evaluation model we develop in this work has been applied to evaluate innovation risk in a sample of 31 large pharmaceutical laboratories covering the period from 2008 to 2013. Acronyms ATCAnatomical, Therapeutic, Chemical (classification system) CFO Chief Financi...

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“…In recent years, the fuzzy inference systems have been used in various areas, such as biology (Keshwani et al, 2008;Salski and Holsten, 2006), agriculture (Mazloumzadeh et al, 2008), medicine (Alayon et al, 2007;Gascon et al, 2007;Nunes et al, 2006), economics (Medina and Moreno, 2007), material sciences (Akkurt et al, 2004;Atzeni et al, 2008;Yaldiz et al, 2006) and earth sciences (Gokceoglu, 2002;Gokceoglu and Zorlu, 2004;Sonmez et al, 2003). According to Setnes et al (1998), an interesting and perhaps the most attractive characteristic of fuzzy models compared with other conventional methods, like statistics, is that they are able to describe complex and nonlinear multivariable problems in a transparent way.…”

Section: Fuzzy Inference Systemmentioning

confidence: 97%

A complimentary fuzzy approach for the assessment of academic performance

Sezer

Gökçeoğlu

2011

IJISE

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Assessment of academic performance is highly important and critical point for researchers, but this is a difficult task. The h-index is one of the most popular indicators to assess the academic performance. As the expression of academic performance is too difficult by single mathematical expression, it should be done with a mathematical expression to apply simply and safely throughout the world. However, this requirement does not change the nature of the problem. In fact, this is a real fuzzy problem and it should be tested by using fuzzy approaches. For this reason, construction of a fuzzy inference system to assess the academic performance is the main target of the current study. Although a close relationship between the h-index and the FAPI is obtained, there are still some slight differences. Obtained results show that problem is fuzzy, but its application is not very simple. For this reason, the fuzzy inference system should be considered as a complimentary tool for the assessment of academic performance, especially in carrier planning of the researchers.

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On macroeconomic characteristics of pharmaceutical generics and the potential for manufacturing and consumption under fuzzy conditions

Cited by 9 publications

References 22 publications

Impact of generic competition on market share and prices of cardiovascular medicines on the Bulgarian pharmaceutical market

Impact of generic competition on market share and prices of cardiovascular medicines on the Bulgarian pharmaceutical market

On strategic choices faced by large pharmaceutical laboratories and their effect on innovation risk under fuzzy conditions

A complimentary fuzzy approach for the assessment of academic performance

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