Space solar cells, which directly convert solar energy into electricity, have been providing a consistent supply of energy for various spacecraft for decades. Currently, the third‐generation solar cells incorporating innovative materials and technologies, such as perovskite solar cells and organic solar cells, have demonstrated significant potential for space applications. However, their real performance in space environments is not yet clear. To assess crucial performance parameters, including short‐circuit current, open‐circuit voltage, and the current‐voltage (I‐V) curve, solar cells need to be calibrated under the standard space spectral irradiance before deployment in space. This is known as AM0 calibration, and failure to adhere to this calibration process may results in the need for larger redundant which leading to increased weight. Over the years, global efforts by space solar cell manufacturers, space agencies, and researchers were made to improve the quality of space solar cell calibration. These efforts include developing calibration devices, conducting calibration experiments, accessing calibration accuracy and error sources, and establishing calibration standards. This review paper focused on the calibration and measurement techniques and different calibration methods for space solar cells. The topics covered include space environment and standard testing condition for solar cells, the measurements of key parameters for traditional solar cells, advancements in perovskite solar cells and organic solar cells for space applications, and a comprehensive review of diverse calibration methods. The discussion spans from near‐ground calibration to near‐space calibration and space calibration, encompassing approaches, key technologies, developmental milestones, and the respective merits of each calibration methods, especially focus on high altitude balloon calibration. Finally, the paper addresses the challenges and future trends of space solar cell calibration based on the aforementioned discussions.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.