In this paper we classify rank two Fano bundles E on Fano manifolds satisfying H 2 (X, Z) ∼ = H 4 (X, Z) ∼ = Z. The classification is obtained via the computation of the nef and pseudoeffective cones of the projectivization P(E), that allows us to obtain the cohomological invariants of X and E. As a by-product we discuss Fano bundles associated to congruences of lines, showing that their varieties of minimal rational tangents may have several linear components.