On-site production of high-purity hydrogen from raw biogas with fixed-bed chemical looping

Stoppacher, Bernd; Sterniczky, T.; Bock, Sebastian; Hacker, Viktor

doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2022.115971

Cited by 19 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Afterwards, predefined concentrations of hydrogen sulfide were added to the feed gas to investigate the deactivation of the reformer catalyst (see table 1). The S/C ratio is defined as follows: In the Biogas 2 H 2 research project, the on-site production of high-purity hydrogen from raw biogas was demonstrated with a 10 kW th RESC prototype system [19]. To predict the process behavior in utilizing raw biogas in the reformer section of the RESC, the composition of the local produced biogas was simulated within the reformer tests.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The carbon mass balances around the steam reforming unit were established as a means of increasing the significance of the experiments. At first, the total gas flow was calculated from the amount of standard gas V N2 and the volume fraction of nitrogen y N2 (equation (19), table 4). Based on the total gas flow, the volume flows of all other gases were determined according to (equations ( 20)-( 22)).…”

Section: Key Performance Indicatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Deactivation of a steam reformer catalyst in chemical looping hydrogen systems: experiments and modeling

et al. 2023

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The utilization of real producer gases such as raw biogas or gasified wood for chemical looping hydrogen production implies the introduction of harmful contaminants into the process. Hydrogen sulfide represents one of the most challenging trace gases in the Reformer Steam Iron Cycle (RESC). The aim of the present work was an in-depth investigation of steam reforming with pure methane and synthetic biogas contaminated with selective concentrations of 1, 5 and 10 ppm of hydrogen sulfide. To validate the experimental data, the fixed-bed reactor system was modelled as one dimensional pseudo homogeneous plug flow reactor by an adapted Maxted model. In a preliminary thermodynamic study, the dry equilibrium composition was determined within a deviation of 4% for SMR and 2% for synthetic biogas reforming compared to the experimental results. The impact of hydrogen sulfide on the reactivity of the catalyst was characterized by the residual methane conversion. The deactivation rate and extent is directly proportional to the concentration of H2S, as higher hydrogen sulfide concentrations lead to a faster deactivation and lower residual methane conversion. A comparison of the methane conversion as a function of sulfur coverage between experimental and simulated data showed good agreement. The predicted results are within <10% deviation for SMR and synthetic biogas reforming, except for sulfur coverages between 0.6 and 0.8. The temperature in the catalyst bed was monitored throughout the deactivation process to gather additional information about the reaction behavior. It was possible to visualize the shift of the reforming reaction front towards the bottom of the reactor caused by catalyst deactivation. The impact of sulfur chemisorption on the morphology of the steam reformer catalyst was analyzed by SEM/EDS and BET techniques. SEM patterns clearly indicated the presence of sulfur as a sort of dust on the surface of the catalyst, which was confirmed by EDS analysis with a sulfur concentration of 0.04 wt%.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Key Performance Indicatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deactivation of a steam reformer catalyst in chemical looping hydrogen systems: experiments and modeling

et al. 2023

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“…6 Summary of most important hydrogen types and methods of production There are 5 sources from which hydrogen can be extracted by means of 13 different processes: either from fossil resources (natural gas, carbon, and oil) or from renewable resources (water and biomass), as shown in Figure 7. Hydrogen can be used as a fuel either in combustion engines by injecting it for combustion in pure form or mixed with other types of fuel to create synthetic fuels, or in electrochemical cells, which are integrated into shipboard processes [59][60][61][62].…”

Section: Hydrogenmentioning

confidence: 99%

The decarbonisation of the maritime sector: Horizon 2050

Prados

2024

Brodogradnja

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The decarbonisation of the maritime sector is one of the world’s priorities to reduce the volume of polluting emissions. The basis of this decarbonisation is the adaptation of existing ships to emission control regulations by means of transformations, installation of new equipment, development of new low-emission fuels and development of the infrastructure that makes the supply of this new generation of fuels feasible. In addition, hydrogen is the energy vector for all these new technologies, and its role over the next 30 years needs to be addressed. In a changing global situation such as the one we are currently experiencing; this article has the objective of making a review paper on the different fuels currently being used in the maritime sector and the existing alternatives. It also discusses the situation and the impact the current environmental situation has on the world ship order book, both in terms of legislation and economics. As a conclusion, the Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) will have a very important role to play as a bridge between the current situation and the development of hydrogen technology. Hydrogen is an energy vector that can achieve the decarbonisation objectives by 2050. Storage problems, lack of infrastructures to supply it and the development of technology and regulations are the major challenges it will have to face. Biofuels also present a serious proposal for the decarbonisation of the sector, and the role of hydrogen in their composition, is essential to achieve green fuel generation.

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“…Biogas, a renewable energy resource producible from organic waste, has gained significant attention in recent years due to its potential to replace fossil fuels . H 2 generation from biogas is in line with the concept of a circular economy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Chemical Looping-Steam Reforming of Biogas and Methane over Lanthanum-Based Perovskite for Improved Production of Syngas and Hydrogen

Sayyed,

Vaidya

2023

Energy Fuels

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Biogas is a renewable energy resource that can be effectively utilized for hydrogen (H 2 ) generation. Chemical looping-steam reforming (CL-SR) of biogas produces syngas and pure H 2 in a two-stage redox process using an oxygen carrier (OC). The objective of this study was to evaluate the applicability of the lanthanum-based perovskite OC for CL-SR of biogas and methane. La 0.95 Ce 0.05 Ni 0.2 Fe 0.8 O 3 perovskite was used for reforming biogas and methane in a fixed-bed reactor. Several key features of this OC were studied using nitrogen adsorption−desorption (Brunauer−Emmet−Teller method), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The perovskite and porous structure of the OC were evident from the outcome of SEM and XRD techniques. The presence of lattice oxygen was evident in the XPS spectra. The availability of lattice oxygen facilitated partial oxidation of methane and produced optimal syngas and H 2 . In a fixed bed, the material (2 g) was reduced in the 750−850 °C range using methane (flow of 20−40 mL/min). At 850 °C, the syngas ratio (H 2 /CO) was 2.3 mol/mol, while the values of H 2 and CO yields were 67.6 and 49.5%, respectively. Upon reduction with biogas, the yield values improved to 79 (H 2 ) and 62% (CO). The subsequent oxidation step using steam resulted in a H 2 -rich product. The chosen La-based perovskite OC was stable for 20 redox cycles, and the average values of the syngas ratio and yields of H 2 and CO were 1.5, 60, and 52%. The purity of H 2 during the oxidation step over 20 cycles was 95%. Thus, the chosen OC was attractive for the CL-SR process.

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On-site production of high-purity hydrogen from raw biogas with fixed-bed chemical looping

Cited by 19 publications

References 31 publications

Deactivation of a steam reformer catalyst in chemical looping hydrogen systems: experiments and modeling

Deactivation of a steam reformer catalyst in chemical looping hydrogen systems: experiments and modeling

The decarbonisation of the maritime sector: Horizon 2050

Chemical Looping-Steam Reforming of Biogas and Methane over Lanthanum-Based Perovskite for Improved Production of Syngas and Hydrogen

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