On the construct validity of interoceptive accuracy based on heartbeat counting: Cardiovascular determinants of absolute and tilt-induced change scores

Schulz, André; Back, Sarah N.; Schaan, Violetta; Bertsch, Katja; Vögele, Claus

doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2021.108168

Cited by 37 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…However, the construct validity of interoceptive accuracy was low in the present study ( Schulz et al, 2021 ). Future studies should confirm the findings of the present study using a novel interoceptive task with more validity ( Garfinkel et al, 2022 ).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 66%

“…Although this task has been used frequently in existing literature, its validity has been questioned due to the possibility of participants estimating their heartbeat using existing knowledge of their heart rate and thus confounding their time estimation ability ( Desmedt et al, 2018 , 2020 ). To address this possibility, we explicitly instructed participants to avoid using heart rate knowledge to lessen the confounding effects of non-interoceptive strategies ( Desmedt et al, 2018 , 2020 ; Schulz et al, 2021 ). We also calculated the correlation between the number of counted heartbeats and the estimated duration in the temporal ability task to determine whether participants used their ability of time perception in the HCT ( Desmedt et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interoceptive accuracy correlates with precision of time perception in the millisecond range

2022

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It has been proposed that accuracy in time perception is related to interoceptive accuracy and vagal activity. However, studies investigating time perception in the supra-second range have provided mixed results, and few studies have investigated the sub-second range. Moreover, there is a lack of studies investigating the relationship between precision in time perception and interoceptive accuracy. A recent meta-analytic review of neuroimaging studies proposed a dynamic interaction between two types of timing processing—an endogenous time keeping mechanism and the use of exogenous temporal cues. Interoceptive accuracy may affect both accuracy and precision of primary temporal representations, as they are generated based on the endogenous time keeping mechanism. Temporal accuracy may vary when adapted to the environmental context. In contrast, temporal precision contains some constant noise, which may maintain the relationship with interoceptive accuracy. Based on these assumptions, we hypothesized that interoceptive accuracy would be associated with temporal precision in the sub-second range, while vagal activity would be associated with temporal accuracy. We used the temporal generalization task, which allowed us to calculate the indices of temporal accuracy and temporal precision in line with the existing research, and also compute the index of participants’ sensitivity according to the signal detection theory. Specifically, we investigated whether (1) interoceptive accuracy would correlate with temporal accuracy, temporal precision, or sensitivity and (2) resting-state vagal activity would correlate with temporal accuracy, temporal precision, or sensitivity. The results indicated that interoceptive accuracy was positively correlated with temporal precision as well as sensitivity, but not with temporal accuracy, in the sub-second range time perception. Vagal activity was negatively correlated only with sensitivity. Furthermore, we found a moderation effect of sensitivity on the relationship between vagal activity and perceived duration, which affected the association between vagal activity and temporal accuracy. These findings suggest the importance of precision as an aspect of time perception, which future studies should further explore in relation to interoception and vagal activity, and of the moderation effects of factors such as participants’ sensitivity in this context.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 66%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interoceptive accuracy correlates with precision of time perception in the millisecond range

2022

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“…Importantly, right insula damage decreases interoceptive accuracy as measures with the HCT (Ronchi et al, 2015). Lastly, performance in the heartbeat discrimination task has been recently found to represent the strongest, most stable predictor of performance in the HCT (Schulz et al, 2021;but see Hickman et al, 2020). Thus, while no single interoceptive measure is free of confounds, given the online implementation of our study and the aforementioned evidence, we believe that performance in HCT does reflect at least some interoceptive related processes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Seeing Through Each Other’s Hearts: Inferring Others’ Heart Rate as a Function of Own Heart Rate Perception and Perceived Social Intelligence

et al. 2022

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Successful social interactions require a good understanding of the emotional states of other people. This information is often not directly communicated but must be inferred. As all emotional experiences are also imbedded in the visceral or interoceptive state of the body (i.e., accelerating heart rate during arousal), successfully inferring the interoceptive states of others may open a window into their emotional state. But how well can people do that? Here, we replicate recent results showing that people can discriminate between the cardiac states (i.e., the resting heartrate) of other people by simply looking at them. We further tested whether the ability to infer the interoceptive states of others depends on one’s own interoceptive abilities. We measured people’s performance in a cardioception task and their self-reported interoceptive accuracy. Whilst neither was directly associated to their ability to infer the heartrate of another person, we found a significant interaction. Specifically, overestimating one’s own interoceptive capacities was associated with a worse performance at inferring the heartrate of others. In contrast, underestimating one’s own interoceptive capacities did not have such influence. This pattern suggests that deficient beliefs about own interoceptive capacities can have detrimental effects on inferring the interoceptive states of other people.

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“…These tasks have distinct psychophysiological properties; hence, their combination enhances inferential power (A. Schulz et al, 2021) and both were used previously in context of interoception and music (Hina et al, 2020;Schirmer-Mokwa et al, 2015).…”

Section: 3mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The accuracy score equalled 1/6 ∑ [1 − (|nbeats real − nbeats reported|)/((nbeats real + nbeats reported)/2)] (Hart et al, 2013). Notably, performance in the HB tracking task can potentially be affected by various factors, including knowledge of one's heart rate or counting seconds instead of heartbeats; thus, its validity has recently been criticized (e.g., (Desmedt et al, 2020;Ring & Brener, 2018) but see (Ainley et al, 2020;A. Schulz et al, 2021) for further discussion).…”

Section: 3mentioning

confidence: 99%

Interoception and the musical brain: Evidence from cross-sectional and longitudinal behavioural and resting-state fMRI study

Herman¹,

Olszewska²,

Gaca³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Musical training has been linked to enhanced interoceptive abilities and increased resting-state (RS) functional connectivity (FC) within the interoceptive brain network. We aimed to replicate and extend these findings with a unique cross-sectional and longitudinal study design. Professional musicians and matched individuals with no prior musical experience (training group) were recruited. Participants underwent RS fMRI scans and completed heartbeat counting and discrimination tasks outside of the scanner (time point 1). The training group additionally had RS scans and interoception tests repeated after a 6-month-long keyboard course training (time point 2). We found no evidence for increased interoceptive abilities in professional musicians relative to non-musicians, nor did we observe any improvements in interoception over the course of musical training. RS FC analysis revealed increased FC within the sensorimotor network in professional musicians compared to the training group at the first time point with no change in FC over time in the Training group. These findings challenge the view that musical training may improve interoceptive abilities. Yet, the results suggest that musical training is related to increased communication within the sensorimotor RS network, which consists of some hubs important for interoceptive processing (namely pre- and postcentral gyri and supplementary motor area).

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On the construct validity of interoceptive accuracy based on heartbeat counting: Cardiovascular determinants of absolute and tilt-induced change scores

Cited by 37 publications

References 66 publications

Interoceptive accuracy correlates with precision of time perception in the millisecond range

Interoceptive accuracy correlates with precision of time perception in the millisecond range

Seeing Through Each Other’s Hearts: Inferring Others’ Heart Rate as a Function of Own Heart Rate Perception and Perceived Social Intelligence

Interoception and the musical brain: Evidence from cross-sectional and longitudinal behavioural and resting-state fMRI study

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